【導(dǎo)讀】4)陳軍，20xx，歇后語(yǔ)的文化內(nèi)涵與翻譯策略[J].溫州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)：25-27.5)溫端政，1985，歇后語(yǔ)[M].北京：商務(wù)印書館.歇后語(yǔ)作為一種特殊的文本形式有其獨(dú)特的特征。本論文擬以奈達(dá)功能對(duì)等理論為依據(jù)研究影響歇后語(yǔ)翻譯的主要因素，并列出歇后語(yǔ)翻譯的。3）要求及時(shí)同指導(dǎo)老師進(jìn)行溝通，按步驟完成論文的寫作和答辯工作?；?dú)有的表達(dá)方式，英語(yǔ)中沒有與之完全相對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)法。內(nèi)涵在漢譯英中便形成了交際空白。本文旨在以奈達(dá)功能對(duì)等理論為理論依據(jù)，探討等

　　

【正文】 riginal content in the first place, the faithfulness to the original form in the second place, the fluent translation form in the third place (許淵沖 1978, translated by the author). Literal translation can not only reproduce the meaning of the original text but also keep the source language form and its vivid metaphor and image description. Literal translation can make the reader of target language better know the culture of source language. Literal translation is often used in twopart allegotic sayings translation because there are some mon features between Chinese and English. That is to say, some Chinese twopart allegotic sayings can find their corresponding expressions in English. Thus, literal translation can be used when the two expressions are equivalent in both culture. We can see some example as follows: (1) 芝麻開花 ——節(jié)節(jié)高 A sesame stalk puts forth blossoms notch higher and higher— rising steadily. (2) 千里送鵝毛 ——禮輕情意重 To send the feather of a swan one thousand li— the gift in itself may be insignificant, but the good will is deep. (3) 泥菩薩過河 ——自身難保 Like a clay idol fording a river— hardly able to save itself (陳軍 20xx). In such kind of twopart allegotic sayings as listed above, both target language readers and source language readers share the same or similar meanings of those words. Thus, the target audience could get similar contextual information about the original text without any effort. Free Translation Free translation is employed for the purpose of expressing the original meaning instead of reproducing the original sentence structure or rhetorical devices. “Free translation means giving up the original vehicle or image and making effort to find an proper way to express the intended meaning of the original” (譚衛(wèi)國(guó) 20xx:18). Free translation puts the faithfulness to the original content in the first place, the fluent translation form in the second place, rather than sticks to the original form(許淵沖 1978, translated by the author). In other words, free 11 translation pays more attention to content rather than form in the translating from the source language to the target language. Form of the original, including sentence structure and metaphor, could not be taken into account in free translation, but it dose not mean that the translator could omit or add content to the target text. Free translation requires the translator to know the culture of both source language and target language. Free translation method is often used in translating some twopart allegotic sayings, especially those that contain rhetorical devices, such as: (4) 我這人說話向來是 “ 袖筒里入棒槌” ——直出直入 I have always been speaking frankly and to the point (5) 一切似乎都是外甥打燈籠 ——照舅（舊） Things seemed to be the same as before (韓慶果 20xx). Combination of Literal and Free Translation Wang Zuoliang says “A good translator is always done by literal translation as well as free translation”(奚永吉 20xx:950). Just as every coin has two sides, both literal and free translations have their own advantages and disadvantages. Literal translation always keeps the original forms, styles and images, thus provides the original culture to the target language readers. While in some cases literal translation may lead to misunderstanding. At this time, it is necessary to bine literal translation and free translation to make a better translation. Such as: (6) 卷起袖子抓刺猬 ——棘手 Rolling up one’s sleeves to catch a hedgehog— a thorny job (7) 殺雞給猴看 —— 殺一儆百 Killing the chicken to frighten the monkey—punishing someone as a warning to others (韓慶果 20xx). Loan Translation A loan translation is a type of borrowing from another language in which the elements of a foreign word are assumed to be translated literally by corresponding elements in another language. There are so many differences between the Chinese characters and English words that the translator has to change the original image which is difficult to understand into a familiar one to the target readers sometimes. When that happens, the loan translation method 12 is used. There are many examples as follows: (8) 冰凍三尺 ——非一日之寒 Rome was not built in a day (9) 老王賣瓜 ——自賣自夸 No man cries “ stinky fish” (10) 貓哭耗子 ——假慈悲 A cat crying over a mouse’s misfortune— sham mercy /To shed crocodile tears (石延芳 20xx). As for example (10), due to “cat” is not a evil but a lovely pet in foreigners’ eyes and English culture, so the Twopart allegotic sayings“ 貓哭耗子 ——假慈悲 ” may not be understood well by foreign readers when it is used literal translation method like the former. However, the latter is used the loan translation method, “crocodile tears” not only express the meaning of the twopart allegotic sayings but also can easily be accepted by foreigners. (11) 山中無老虎 ——猴子稱大王 1) When the tiger is away from the mountain—the monkey calls himself the king 2) In the kingdom of the blind, the oneeyed is king 3) When the cat is away, the mice will play (石延芳 20xx). The first one is literal translation, as every knows,“ tiger” is the king of animals in Chinese culture, but the king of animals in English culture is “ lion”. In addition, the monkey in English culture is not as clever as that in Chinese culture. As to the second and the third ones, loan translation method is employed and their meanings are similar to the original one. Moreover, such expressions can easily be understood by target language readers. In a word, loan translation is more suitable for translating this kind of twopart allegotic sayings. Annotation As every knows, twopart allegotic sayings is deeply originated with colorful Chinese culture and Chinese history background. Thus, in order to introduce twopart allegotic sayings to foreign readers better, some annotations are needed in twopart allegotic sayings translation. For example: (12) 王羲之寫字 ——橫豎都好