口譯學(xué)習(xí)心得-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-10-12 08:23本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ，但它們的字面翻譯也能使譯文讀者得到正確無(wú)誤的形象意義。如：1)聲東擊西to shout in the east and strike in the west 2)刻骨銘心to be engraved on one39。s heart and bones 3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well 4)調(diào)虎離山to lure the tiger from the mountain 5)口蜜腹劍to be honeymouthed and daggerhearted 有些漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)并沒(méi)有形象的比喻意義，它們的字面意義也就是它們的實(shí)際意義。對(duì)這些成語(yǔ)，我們當(dāng)然可以采取字面翻譯。如：1)勞苦功高to have spent toilsome labour and won distinctive merits 2)屢教不改to fail to mend one39。s ways after repeated admonition 3)罕不可破to be so strongly built as to be indestructible 4)攻其不備to strike sb when he is unprepared 5)史無(wú)前例to be without precedent in history 在不影響原義的前提下，我們應(yīng)盡量采用這種按字面進(jìn)行翻譯的直譯方法來(lái)處理漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，從而更好地傳達(dá)出原文的形式、意義和精神。然而，漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)并非每條都能按字面翻譯。有些成語(yǔ)的比喻形象是譯文讀者所不能接受的。如果把“眉飛色舞”死譯成“his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing，這勢(shì)必會(huì)貽笑大方，使譯文讀者不知所云，莫明其妙。我們可根據(jù)該成語(yǔ)的實(shí)際意義靈活地翻譯成“to beam with joy”。再看下面的譯例： 1)粗枝大葉to be crude and careless(死譯：with big branches and large leaves、2)無(wú)孔不入to take advantage of every weakness(死譯：to get into every hole)3)揚(yáng)眉吐氣to feel proud and elated(死譯：to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)4)燈紅酒綠dissipated and luxurious(死譯：with red lights and green wine)5)紙醉金迷(a life of)luxury and dissipation(死譯：with drunken paper and bewitched gold)6)開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山to e straight to the point(死譯：to open the door and see the mountain)7)單槍匹馬to be singlehanded in doing sth(死譯：with a solitary spear and a single horse)8)大張旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale(死譯：to make a great array of flags and drums)9)海闊天空(to talk)at random(死譯：with a vast sea and a boundless sky)10)風(fēng)雨飄搖(of a situation)being unstable(死譯：The wind and rain are rocking．)有一部分漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)帶著一定的中國(guó)文化背景，有的成語(yǔ)在字面上就含有中國(guó)古代的人名、地名，有的出自寓言或歷史的典故。對(duì)這部分成語(yǔ)，字面翻譯是無(wú)法為外國(guó)讀者所接受的。如加上許多解釋性文字，就失去了成語(yǔ)精粹的特點(diǎn)。我們最好的辦法就是繞開(kāi)其文化背景，譯出其真正的內(nèi)涵意義。1)毛遂自薦to volunteer one39。s service(毛遂——戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期人名)2)葉公好龍professed love of what one really fears(葉公——中國(guó)古代傳說(shuō)中的人名)3)東施效顰crude imitation with ludicrous effect(東施——中國(guó)古代一丑女的名字)4)南柯一夢(mèng)a fond dream or illusory joy(南柯——中國(guó)古代傳說(shuō)夢(mèng)中地名)5)四面楚歌to be besieged on all sides(楚——戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期國(guó)名)6)錙銖必較to haggle over every penny(錙銖——中國(guó)古代重量單位)7)罄竹難書(shū)(of crimes)too numerous to mention(竹——中國(guó)等國(guó)紙發(fā)明以前寫(xiě)字用的竹簡(jiǎn))8)初出茅廬at the beginning of one39。s career(此典故出自《三國(guó)演義》)9)傾城傾國(guó)to be exceedingly beautiful(此典故出自《漢書(shū)》)10)懸梁刺股to be extremely hardworking in one39。s study(此典故出自《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策》和《漢書(shū)》)有許多漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)在意義上是對(duì)等的，我們可用英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)來(lái)翻譯這部分漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，給譯文讀者一種生動(dòng)感和親切感。如：1)小題大做make a mountain out of a molehill 2)赴湯蹈火go through fire and water 3)洗心革面turn over a new leaf 4)七顛八倒at sixes and sevens 5)橫行霸道throw one39。s weight about 6)大發(fā)雷霆blow one39。s top 7)過(guò)河拆橋kick down the ladder 8)乳臭未干be wet behind the ears 9)格格不入be like square pegs in round holes 10)魂不附體jump out of one39。s skin還有這種情況，多條詞義漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)里的任何一條可用對(duì)等的多條同義英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)中的任何一條來(lái)翻譯。如：左右為難 between the devil and the deep sea 進(jìn)退維谷 stick in the mud 騎虎難下 between the horns of a dilemma 左支右絀 between two fires 跋前躓后 in a fix(dilemma／quandary／predicament)羝羊觸藩 in a cleft stick 不上不下 at a nonplus ．進(jìn)退兩難 hold a wolf by the ears 無(wú)所適從 with one39。s back to the wall 莫衷一是_ between Scylla and Charybdis 總而言之，翻譯漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保留原文形象，能直譯則盡量直譯，即按字面翻譯。不能直譯時(shí)，我們不能因詞害義，應(yīng)該翻譯其實(shí)際意義。如能在英文中找到意義完全對(duì)等的成語(yǔ)，我們也可采用這種套譯法。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，正規(guī)文體中，漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)多采用形象的逐字翻譯，非正規(guī)文體中，多采用簡(jiǎn)潔的大意翻譯。
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