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口譯學(xué)習(xí)心得-資料下載頁

2024-10-21 08:23本頁面
  

【正文】 ,但它們的字面翻譯也能使譯文讀者得到正確無誤的形象意義。如:1)聲東擊西to shout in the east and strike in the west 2)刻骨銘心to be engraved on one39。s heart and bones 3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well 4)調(diào)虎離山to lure the tiger from the mountain 5)口蜜腹劍to be honeymouthed and daggerhearted 有些漢語成語并沒有形象的比喻意義,它們的字面意義也就是它們的實際意義。對這些成語,我們當(dāng)然可以采取字面翻譯。如:1)勞苦功高to have spent toilsome labour and won distinctive merits 2)屢教不改to fail to mend one39。s ways after repeated admonition 3)罕不可破to be so strongly built as to be indestructible 4)攻其不備to strike sb when he is unprepared 5)史無前例to be without precedent in history 在不影響原義的前提下,我們應(yīng)盡量采用這種按字面進(jìn)行翻譯的直譯方法來處理漢語成語,從而更好地傳達(dá)出原文的形式、意義和精神。然而,漢語成語并非每條都能按字面翻譯。有些成語的比喻形象是譯文讀者所不能接受的。如果把“眉飛色舞”死譯成“his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing,這勢必會貽笑大方,使譯文讀者不知所云,莫明其妙。我們可根據(jù)該成語的實際意義靈活地翻譯成“to beam with joy”。再看下面的譯例: 1)粗枝大葉to be crude and careless(死譯:with big branches and large leaves、2)無孔不入to take advantage of every weakness(死譯:to get into every hole)3)揚眉吐氣to feel proud and elated(死譯:to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)4)燈紅酒綠dissipated and luxurious(死譯:with red lights and green wine)5)紙醉金迷(a life of)luxury and dissipation(死譯:with drunken paper and bewitched gold)6)開門見山to e straight to the point(死譯:to open the door and see the mountain)7)單槍匹馬to be singlehanded in doing sth(死譯:with a solitary spear and a single horse)8)大張旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale(死譯:to make a great array of flags and drums)9)海闊天空(to talk)at random(死譯:with a vast sea and a boundless sky)10)風(fēng)雨飄搖(of a situation)being unstable(死譯:The wind and rain are rocking.)有一部分漢語成語帶著一定的中國文化背景,有的成語在字面上就含有中國古代的人名、地名,有的出自寓言或歷史的典故。對這部分成語,字面翻譯是無法為外國讀者所接受的。如加上許多解釋性文字,就失去了成語精粹的特點。我們最好的辦法就是繞開其文化背景,譯出其真正的內(nèi)涵意義。1)毛遂自薦to volunteer one39。s service(毛遂——戰(zhàn)國時期人名)2)葉公好龍professed love of what one really fears(葉公——中國古代傳說中的人名)3)東施效顰crude imitation with ludicrous effect(東施——中國古代一丑女的名字)4)南柯一夢a fond dream or illusory joy(南柯——中國古代傳說夢中地名)5)四面楚歌to be besieged on all sides(楚——戰(zhàn)國時期國名)6)錙銖必較to haggle over every penny(錙銖——中國古代重量單位)7)罄竹難書(of crimes)too numerous to mention(竹——中國等國紙發(fā)明以前寫字用的竹簡)8)初出茅廬at the beginning of one39。s career(此典故出自《三國演義》)9)傾城傾國to be exceedingly beautiful(此典故出自《漢書》)10)懸梁刺股to be extremely hardworking in one39。s study(此典故出自《戰(zhàn)國策》和《漢書》)有許多漢語成語和英語成語在意義上是對等的,我們可用英語成語來翻譯這部分漢語成語,給譯文讀者一種生動感和親切感。如:1)小題大做make a mountain out of a molehill 2)赴湯蹈火go through fire and water 3)洗心革面turn over a new leaf 4)七顛八倒at sixes and sevens 5)橫行霸道throw one39。s weight about 6)大發(fā)雷霆blow one39。s top 7)過河拆橋kick down the ladder 8)乳臭未干be wet behind the ears 9)格格不入be like square pegs in round holes 10)魂不附體jump out of one39。s skin還有這種情況,多條詞義漢語成語里的任何一條可用對等的多條同義英語成語中的任何一條來翻譯。如:左右為難 between the devil and the deep sea 進(jìn)退維谷 stick in the mud 騎虎難下 between the horns of a dilemma 左支右絀 between two fires 跋前躓后 in a fix(dilemma/quandary/predicament)羝羊觸藩 in a cleft stick 不上不下 at a nonplus .進(jìn)退兩難 hold a wolf by the ears 無所適從 with one39。s back to the wall 莫衷一是_ between Scylla and Charybdis 總而言之,翻譯漢語成語時,為了保留原文形象,能直譯則盡量直譯,即按字面翻譯。不能直譯時,我們不能因詞害義,應(yīng)該翻譯其實際意義。如能在英文中找到意義完全對等的成語,我們也可采用這種套譯法。一般說來,正規(guī)文體中,漢語成語多采用形象的逐字翻譯,非正規(guī)文體中,多采用簡潔的大意翻譯。
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