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, worth。pass, past 等。意義不同,但容易混淆的動詞的辨義。如: explain, say。discover, invent, uncover。find, find out等。某些常用動詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨義。如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。某些常用動詞短語的辨義。如: give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。(一)易混動詞lay(放), lie(躺)與lie(說謊): 放 lay laid laid laying 及物動詞 躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物動詞 說謊 lie lied lied lying 不及物動詞rise和raise:rise是不及物動詞,其過去式是rose,過去分詞是risen,而raise是及物動詞,是規(guī)則動詞。hear與listen to:hear側(cè)重點是聽到,聽見什么,而listen to是側(cè)重于聽的傾向,但hear用于無意中的聽見,而listen to卻用于集中注意力的聽。see, watch和look:see用作看電影,劇目;watch則用作看電視比賽,而watch還有在旁觀看之意。如:Are you going to play or only watch?;look一般用作不及物動詞,只是當(dāng)盯著某人看時用作及物動詞,如:The little boy looked me in the face.(小男孩直盯著我的臉。)wind和wound:wind意為蜿蜒而行,其過去式與過去分詞都是wound,而動詞原形wound意為傷害,其過去式、過去分詞都是wounded。hang的用法:hang有兩個意思:一為懸掛,是不規(guī)則動詞,過去式、過去分詞都是hung;二為絞刑,是規(guī)則動詞,其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。hear的過去分詞born與borne:bear作為出生講有兩個過去分詞born,borne。只有當(dāng)be+born?短語后沒有by介詞短語時,才可用born。如:He was born in 。如:She has borne five ,則一律用borne。sit與seat:seat為及物動詞時是作容納講,sit只是表示一動作。seat如果表示就座時要用be seated。如:They were seated at their oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the 、borrow, lend與keep:借入英文中用borrow,借出用lend,但這兩個詞都是截止性動詞或瞬間動詞,不能用于長時間的動作,所以我能借多久應(yīng)用keep。win與beat:win作勝、贏講時其后應(yīng)接,a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet,但不能接人,如果接人則有另外的含意。如:I have won ,我贏得他的好感。而beat是及物動詞為擊敗、勝過講,直接接人、隊。1steal與rob:steal為偷。rob為搶,其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+搶的物品。1fit與suit:fit與suit均可作合適講,但英文中卻用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合適,而suit則多用于顏色式樣的合適。1take, bring 與fetch:英文中拿三個詞,即拿來,拿去,去取然后回來(即雙程)。所以拿來,帶來是bring,拿去帶走是take,而去取回來是fetch。1shut與close:shut與close有時是可以互換的,但有些地方則不可這樣做。如:在正式場合多用close,而在命令,態(tài)度粗暴的場合則用shut。如: Shut your mouth!(閉嘴);又如:Shut 、公路交通關(guān)閉或停止使用的場合,則要用close。1answer與reply:作為回答講answer是及物動詞,如作不及物動詞,則意義不同,如answer for,意為向某人或向某事負(fù)責(zé)。而reply作回答講是不及物動詞,后跟賓語時,要加上to。1reach,arrive與get to:reach當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)講是及物動詞,而當(dāng)延伸和拿得到、拿不到時講,則是不及物動詞。作到達(dá)講時還有g(shù)et to, arrive(at/in)。1cost,spend與take:英文中花費有三個詞cost, spend, take,但各有不同用法。cost作 “花費”講,主語不能是人,而spend的主語不能是物。如: she spent all his money on ,可用人也可用物做主語。更多的用法是用形式主語it,如It takes me three hours to finish this 、lost, gone與missing:作補足語時意為丟失、不見了,可以用 lost, gone,但要用 miss時則不能用missed, 、have on, wear, put on及dress:作穿衣服講的動詞分為狀態(tài)和動作兩種。have on與wear作穿著狀態(tài)講。但have on不用進(jìn)行時態(tài),而wear則常要用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。put on是動作,但dress既可用作狀態(tài),又可用作穿衣動作,但用作狀態(tài)時要用其過去分詞作形容詞如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作動作講時,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞,如: I dress my children in the morning every 、begin與start begin與Start 均可作開始講,并無多少區(qū)別,同樣可接不定式或動名詞,但在下面的場合多要用Start:1)機器的開動發(fā)動;2)旅途的開始。如: we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。2allow 與permit allow與permit其后直接接動作時要用動名詞,如接人后再接動詞則要用不定式,所以用在被動語態(tài)時一定要用不定式。如:People are not allowed to 、find與found find找到的過去式和過去分詞都是found,而found是動詞“建立”的原形,其過去式和過去分詞是founded,founded,如: The People’s Republic of China was founded in 、speak, say, talk 與tell 英文中講有4個詞,speak, say, talk, tell,但其中speak, talk多用作不及物動詞,但speak后加語言名詞時則用作及物動詞,如:Please speak English。而say與tell是及物動詞,其中tell常用作接雙賓語,如:Tell me a story。但也有些特定的習(xí)慣用法,如:在作講實話,講謊言,表示時間常用單賓語而不能換其它詞,如:My watch was couldn’t tell time correctly。在書信、便條、海報上寫著英文應(yīng)為It said ?。在作辨別不同講時是tell,如:Can you tell me the difference between the two?而講別人好壞話時用speak,如:The father always speaks well of his son.。2excuse me 與sorry excuse me用于來打攏對方前以提醒對方注意的提示語,而sorry則表達(dá)因作了某事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?care for 與care to do care for其后要接不定式時則要省去for或換用名詞,如:Would you care for a cup of tea?但care for作照顧講時與look after相同。2與名詞易混的動詞有:advise(v.), advice(n.)。accept(v.), except(prep.)。pass(v.), past(prep.)。bathe(v.), bath(n.)。breathe(v.), breath(n.)。choose(v.), choice(n.)。succeed(v.), success(n.)。2意義相近的動詞:ring搖鈴,打鈴,電話鈴響,strike專指敲鐘,打幾點,撞擊;suggest提出實驗性或推測性的建議,advice表示對經(jīng)驗不足人的一種忠告;look由視覺得出的印象,seem暗示一定根據(jù)的判定,appear外表印象而實際或結(jié)果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain遺物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分;discover(發(fā)現(xiàn))找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西,invent(發(fā)明)研制出不存在的東西;remember記憶起以前經(jīng)歷或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。2動詞 + 副詞 + 介詞:catch up with, look forward to, e up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with ?2動詞 + 介詞to的詞組有:e to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to ?與in相結(jié)合的動詞有:give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in ?(二)動詞短語動詞短語是指動詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動詞短語的測試點主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~,不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。需掌握以下要點:根據(jù)動詞短語的不同特點,掌握其運用規(guī)律。(I)動詞+副詞(不及物)Harry turned up after the party when everyone had ,人們都已離去,哈里出現(xiàn)了。(2)動詞+副詞(及物)Please turn every light in the house 。注意:①如果賓語較長,就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動詞分開。如:She turned off all the lights which had been left 。②如果賓語是人稱代詞,只能放在動詞和副詞之間。如:She gave them 。(3)動詞+介詞(及物)I39。m looking for my 。注意:①當(dāng)它跟賓語時,不能把介詞放在賓語后面。②動詞短語可以放在句子或從句末尾。如:She39。s got more work than she can cope 。(4)動詞+副詞+介詞I look forward to seeing you 。注:“動詞+介詞”、“動詞+名詞+副詞”、“動詞+副詞+介詞”,這三種搭配都是及物的,如變成被動語態(tài),不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after.(不能漏掉after)這樣一來,糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。熟悉同一動詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同的動詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。(1)同一動詞和不同介詞搭配時,意義上的差異。如:①hear from收到?的來信,hear of聽說。②look after照料,look at看,look for尋找。(2)同一動詞和不同副詞搭配時,意義上的差異。如:①ring back回電話, ring off掛斷電話, ring up打電話 ②put away放好, put on穿,上演, put up掛起,舉起。(3)不同動詞和同一介詞搭配時,在意義上的差異。如:look for尋找, call for去取(某物),去接(某人), ask for請求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。(4)不同動詞和同一副詞搭配時,在意義上的差異。如:①break out發(fā)生,爆炸, carry out進(jìn)行,開展, go out熄滅, hand out分發(fā), let out放出, look out當(dāng)心, sell out賣完, set out出發(fā), take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, e down落下來, get down下車, take down取下, write down寫下。終結(jié)第二篇:2014高考語法題型樣板高考語法題型樣板Direction: Read the following two in each blank with one proper word or proper form of the given word to make the passage sure that your answer are grammatically is a photo hanging above my I look at that photograph, it takes me back to those early years___25___ every new experienced was important for can still remember the shouts of the spectators as I ___26___(go)out onto the sports field with my days___27___(early),I had qualified for the finals of the 100 (look)around, I was determined to I was walking across to the start, I began to feel more a