【正文】 petition going on, and perhaps I can share with you the experience we have me tell you the city where I e from, there is this famous singing petition going on every what they do is that pick the best one, and the best one goes to the next week and it goes on and on until one day that person is 。因為這與普通的接題方式Thank you for the question不同。演講者是香港人，雖然她對主持人所問的內(nèi)地的情況不甚了解，是一大劣勢，但她卻巧妙的地使用but轉(zhuǎn)而談到香港的情況；also的使用使演講的主題不變。同時聽眾理解到演講者要從另外一個角度解釋同一個問題。這種角度的變換使演講者的劣勢變成了優(yōu)勢。聽眾既為其率真而打動，又為其智慧而折服。And there39。s this little five year old boy, and he has won five consecutive championships, and then, of course, there were interviews and the news coverage, and when the general public read the frown at said, “what a silly idea, to think about being a star.” And when Andy LauI39。m sure all of you blow him, tile famous singer and actorwhen he read the newspaper, he said, “Wow, that39。s great!But ask the boy to work 39。s not easy.”這里演講人以演唱比賽為切人點(diǎn)，以小男孩的參舞，點(diǎn)出了香港人對當(dāng)明星十分熱衷。以此呼應(yīng)主持人提問。并且演講人Support points with specifics．以典型的例子支持論點(diǎn)。明星劉德華在內(nèi) 地有很高的知名度，他的勤奮也是眾所周知，以他的話為例，讓人十分信服。本段對general public和Andy Lau不同態(tài)度的對 比，可以引起聽眾的思考。對比之中必有抑揚(yáng)，也讓聽眾對下段演講人過渡到自己的觀點(diǎn)有了思想上的準(zhǔn)備Ladies and gentlemen, I think if we use the word “struggle”, isn39。t it a bit too negative? I think better word for it is “strive.” Being a star is also is also a job that you need to work hard does not e , if we take a look at famous actors and actresses such as lackie Chart, Chow Yun Fat, Andy Lau, Tony Lun, they are all in their midforties, and even , what do they have in mon? When they first became..., when they first started their careers as a star, or as an actor, they were described as “Cinema Poison,” meaning nobody would see their did they give up? No, they didn39。t, they didn39。t give have been working hard all the now they are over the over are they proud of themselves? Well, I suppose still they work very at Andy 39。s still striving for the best all the year are 。并且在臨場仍然明確地區(qū)分struggle和strive，顯示出演講人深厚的語言功底。演講人接著由例子過渡到談話主題：當(dāng)明星是一種職業(yè)，巧妙地把struggle的主題過渡到strive，進(jìn)而談到Being a star is also a profession．把不熟悉的主題struggle過渡到談明星的成功這個比較熟悉的話題。這種演講技巧十分重要，因為在短暫的幾十秒鐘內(nèi)談?wù)撘粋€十分陌生的話題，實在有難度，但是這位演講者的巧妙過渡，既沒有跑題，又談了熟悉的話題，因此這種技巧值得學(xué)習(xí)。同時，本段列舉眾多內(nèi)地觀眾十分熟悉地明星成名經(jīng)歷作為brief examples，做論據(jù)，支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，使論據(jù)可靠而有力。這兩句話Al lover the world．All over Asia．若能調(diào)換順序，就更加順暢。Ladies and gentlemen, I think there39。s nothing wrong if you want to be a 39。s a 39。s a job that everybody can work for it if you really want there are qualities that you need to possess if you want to be a Course you have to be hardworking, like Andy Lau, like Chow Yun 39。re all very there is also something very, is you have to have a genuine interest in this film genuine interest is very a lot of people are interested in the money, instead of the just look at the statistics, like just now I was waiting in my room and I was reading this news article, there39。s a chart telling the people how many...well, how much those stars in China are making, l/Veil, if you are only attracted by those statistics, by the figures, the money, well, then, I do not think you can be a are people who have a genuine interest in being a singer, like there are people who have been taking acting classes, who have been acting in secondary schools, in college like have a genuine , then go for ：感興趣[genuine Interest]，并且列舉了生活中的一些實例[people only interested in money rather than film industry)來論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。這樣在立論的同時也駁斥了為金錢而當(dāng)明星的錯誤觀點(diǎn)。有立有廢，論證嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)Ladies and gentlemen, well, I think the petition is also there39。s a petition, we can ensure the there39。s no petition, well, we have to have whatever is given to there39。s petition, we can pick what we 39。t that something good?Ladies and gentlemen, it is what I think for that struggle for you very —sentence review of the points she presented in her talk．由“為當(dāng)明星而打拼”引申到一般意義上的競爭，既緊扣主題，又加以升華。以一個反問句Isn39。t it something good?結(jié)尾，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了演講人的觀點(diǎn)。這樣的結(jié)尾達(dá)到了short and to the point的效果。通過Ladies and gentlemen提示聽眾演講接近尾聲，重提主持人的問題，以告知聽眾她一直圍繞這個主題展開演講，給聽眾一個完整的結(jié)尾。本篇是獲得第10屆“21世紀(jì)外教社杯”全國英語演講比賽季軍的香港選手張阿旭的即興演講。演講充分顯示了演講人的機(jī)敏、臨場應(yīng)變能力和扎實的語言功底。通篇邏輯十分的清晰，而且演講人娓娓道來，絲毫沒有演講的做作，卻又極富感染力。在即興演講這一部分，本篇演講人明顯高人一籌。據(jù)演講者本人介紹，這與她所在的學(xué)校要求學(xué)生做很多即興的presentationn即興演講（impromptu speech），顧名思義，就是指臨場的、毫無準(zhǔn)備的演講。在前面所提到的兩大比賽中，即興演講所占時間為1~3分鐘，分值所占比重為30%~40%，在比賽中的地位十分重要。如果參賽選手想要取得優(yōu)秀的成績，那么就一定要在該部分取得高分。即興演講對于使用母語演講的人來說都非常困難，更何況是使用非母語演講的選手？這部分非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性，主要考察選手多方面能力：思維能力、邏輯能力和語言能力。思維能力是指選手在毫無準(zhǔn)備的情況下對某一問題的分析能力，對問題理解的深度和寬度等；邏輯能力主要指選手是否有全局觀，是否能合理搭筑整個演講的框架，所闡述觀點(diǎn)的層次性是否清晰；而語言能力則是指選手即席用英語進(jìn)行交流溝通的能力，可檢驗選手的英語語言熟練度和準(zhǔn)確度如何。那么如何應(yīng)對即興演講呢？在定題演講部分，我們討論了衡量一篇演講好壞的普遍原則。這些原則對所有類型的演講都適用，即興演講也不例外。在做即興演講時，也要從以下四個方面著手：內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、語言以及臺上演講風(fēng)格等。內(nèi)容在討論即興演講的內(nèi)容之前，先了解幾個在近幾年大賽即興演講中出現(xiàn)的題目。Is marking western holidays a sign of a modern China or of traditions sacrificed to mercial interestsDo you think university education should be more openminded?Are we being too susceptible to advertising?Which qualities do you look for in a boyfriend?If you were one representative of Peoples Congress, what advice would you give the government?題目還有很多，這里就不一一列舉了。通過這幾個題目，大致可以看出即興演講的題目涉及方方面面，從經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、教育、文化、人生到國際問題，包羅萬象。這也是即興演講具有極強(qiáng)挑戰(zhàn)性的原因之一。題目的范圍之大之廣對參賽選手提出了很高的要求。要求演講者平時養(yǎng)成讀書看報的習(xí)慣，關(guān)注周圍發(fā)生的焦點(diǎn)問題和國際時事，積累各個領(lǐng)域的素材，以便談?wù)撈鹉骋粋€話題時言之有物，有的放矢；要求演講者平時養(yǎng)成思考的習(xí)慣，多聽不同的聲音，從不同角度看問題，看問題有想法、有深度。這些都是賽前的準(zhǔn)備工作，應(yīng)多積累、豐富自己的知識內(nèi)容，強(qiáng)化自己的觀點(diǎn)。那么在比賽當(dāng)中，又該怎樣具體應(yīng)對呢？正如前面所講的，好的內(nèi)容包括好的主題以及有說服力的材料做支持。在即興演講中，更要注意這兩點(diǎn)。1．強(qiáng)有力的材料做支持正如前面討論過的那樣，論據(jù)的類型最基本可分為三種：實例、統(tǒng)計數(shù)字以及引用別人的言語。對于即興演講來說，現(xiàn)場能夠找到恰當(dāng)?shù)慕y(tǒng)計數(shù)字是非常困難的。因此在即興演講時，引用別人的言語和用實例來證明是最常見的兩種方式。那么應(yīng)該選擇哪種類型的例子來做論據(jù)呢？在比賽現(xiàn)場上進(jìn)行即興演講時，最切實可行的、最容易做到的就是用自己或自己周圍發(fā)生的例子來說明你的觀點(diǎn)，信手拈來，不用絞盡腦汁，演講起來最自如，最自信；這樣做無形之中也強(qiáng)化了自己的可信度，比較容易打動聽眾。如在“21世紀(jì)(愛立信杯”2003年第8屆全國英語演講比賽中獲得第二名的南京大學(xué)學(xué)生王媛在即興演講中是這樣說的，“If indeed I had a chance to choose for my life again, I think the time setting I would choose is in the late 1970s and the early was when the Chinese government began to adopt the policy of reform and the place setting I would choose is in some places in the western part of ? Let me share with you my , when I firstly saw this, errr, heard this topic, I think it reminded me of an experience a