【導(dǎo)讀】驅(qū)動(dòng)橋是構(gòu)成汽車(chē)的四大總成之一一般由主減速器差速器車(chē)輪傳動(dòng)裝置和。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼等組成它位于傳動(dòng)系末端其基本作用是增矩降速承受作用于路面和車(chē)。架或車(chē)身之間的力它的性能好壞直接影響整車(chē)性能而對(duì)于載重汽車(chē)顯得尤為重。要采用傳動(dòng)效率高的單級(jí)減速驅(qū)動(dòng)橋已經(jīng)成為未來(lái)載重汽車(chē)的發(fā)展方向。本文參照傳統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的設(shè)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行了載重汽車(chē)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的設(shè)計(jì)本次設(shè)計(jì)首。先對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明根據(jù)給定的數(shù)據(jù)確定汽車(chē)總體參數(shù)再確定主減速。器差速器半軸和橋殼的結(jié)構(gòu)類型及參數(shù)并對(duì)其強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行校核數(shù)據(jù)確定后利用。AUTOCAD建立二維圖再用CATIA軟件建立三維模型最后用CAITA中的分析模塊對(duì)。關(guān)鍵詞驅(qū)動(dòng)橋CADCATIA有限元分析。13驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)要求2. 夠的牽引力適當(dāng)?shù)淖罡哕?chē)速和良好的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性為此則要將經(jīng)過(guò)變速器傳動(dòng)軸。傳來(lái)的動(dòng)力經(jīng)過(guò)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的主減速器進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步增大轉(zhuǎn)矩降低轉(zhuǎn)速的變化因此要。車(chē)的動(dòng)力性和燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性主要取決于主減速比在汽車(chē)的總體布置設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)

　　

【正文】 靜強(qiáng)度分析 1．從三維實(shí)體建模模塊進(jìn)入有限元 圖 41 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼三維模型 在形體上施加約束 理論上來(lái)說(shuō)作用于驅(qū)動(dòng)輪上的其它反力和彎矩全由橋殼來(lái)承受橋殼與輪轂通過(guò)凸緣盤(pán)來(lái)連接所以我認(rèn)為對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼的約束可以近似的看出對(duì)凸緣盤(pán)的全自由度約束如圖 42 所示 圖 42 全自由度約束 在形體上施加載荷 橋 殼的危險(xiǎn)斷面通常在鋼板彈簧座內(nèi)側(cè)附近橋殼端部的輪轂軸承座根部也應(yīng)列為危險(xiǎn)斷面進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核在橋殼兩側(cè)鋼板彈簧座上加載荷載荷的大小用公式來(lái)計(jì)算經(jīng)計(jì)算載荷為 11200N 如圖 43 圖 43 加載圖 計(jì)算 包括網(wǎng)格自動(dòng)劃分 解方程和生成應(yīng)力應(yīng)變結(jié)果 分析計(jì)算結(jié)果單元網(wǎng)格應(yīng)力和變形顯示 圖 44 應(yīng)力云圖 圖 45 位移顯示 結(jié)果分析 該驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼的本體材料是 QT40015 從材料手冊(cè)中查出其彈性模量 E 015Mpa泊 的靜強(qiáng)度的方法是將后橋兩端固定在橋殼鋼板彈簧座處施加載荷將橋殼兩端的凸緣盤(pán)全部約束然后在 鋼板彈簧座處施加規(guī)定載荷計(jì)算后顯示最大應(yīng)力為 595Mpa 在不考慮約束影響造成的局部過(guò)大應(yīng)力的情況下應(yīng)力較大值分布在橋殼的鋼板彈簧座附近遠(yuǎn)小于材料的許用應(yīng)力 300Mpa350Mpa 點(diǎn)擊顯示位移如圖45 所示最大位移為 00266mm 變化非常小所以該驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼的靜強(qiáng)度分析滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求的 44 小結(jié) 本章對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼的結(jié)構(gòu)形式進(jìn)行了選擇并對(duì)其危險(xiǎn)截面進(jìn)行了受力分析和強(qiáng)度校核利用 Catia 軟件的分析模塊對(duì)危險(xiǎn)截面進(jìn)行了有限元分析經(jīng)分析橋殼的靜強(qiáng)度滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求 結(jié)論 本次設(shè)計(jì)是關(guān)于某農(nóng)用運(yùn)輸車(chē)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度分析主減速 器采用中央單級(jí)的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋總成布置采用非斷開(kāi)式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋與非獨(dú)立懸架相結(jié)合采用全浮式半軸驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼采用整體式橋殼保證具有足夠的強(qiáng)度和剛度主減速器拆裝和調(diào)整便利上述結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)盡量保證現(xiàn)代農(nóng)用運(yùn)輸車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單強(qiáng)度高實(shí)用可靠體積小重量輕成本低等特點(diǎn)本設(shè)計(jì)按照設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的計(jì)算及校核所得數(shù)據(jù)符合要求 CAD裝配圖和零件圖均按照計(jì)算所得數(shù)據(jù)繪制 CATIA三維圖是在 CAD圖的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行繪制的尺寸形狀都相同最后的有限元分析計(jì)算的數(shù)據(jù)也在規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)強(qiáng)度符合要求 通過(guò)對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的設(shè)計(jì)我們對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的具體結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理有了進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)為 以后的汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)打下了基礎(chǔ) 致謝 本次設(shè)計(jì)能夠順利完成首先要感謝我的母校沈陽(yáng)理工大學(xué)是她為我們提供了學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)的土壤使我們?cè)谶@里茁壯成長(zhǎng)其次我要感謝汽車(chē)與交通學(xué)院的老師們他們不僅教會(huì)我們專業(yè)方面的知識(shí)而且教會(huì)我們做人做事的道理尤其是指導(dǎo)我本次設(shè)計(jì)的梁繼輝老師梁老師淵博的知識(shí)和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕虒W(xué)態(tài)度給我留下了十分深刻的印象不僅指導(dǎo)我順利完成設(shè)計(jì)更讓我對(duì)汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣使我受益匪淺還要感謝相關(guān)資料的編著者和給予我們支持的社會(huì)各界人士 最后再次感謝您們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝己玫沫h(huán)境使本次設(shè)計(jì)圓滿完成 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2021 [2] 清華大學(xué)出版社 2021 [3] 清華大學(xué)出版社 2021 [4] 北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2021 [5] 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 2021 [6] 北京中國(guó)計(jì)量出版社 2021 [7] [8] 北京高等教育出版社 2021 [9] 孫志禮馬星國(guó) 科學(xué)出版社 2021 [10] 科學(xué)出版社 2021 [11] 丁仁亮 CATIA V5 基礎(chǔ)教程北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2021 附錄 A 英文原文 Automatic Dent Detection on Car Bodies 11 Motivation and problem description Sheet metal of car bodies sometimes will have small defects and these defects are very difficult to detect In car manufacturing industry these defects on sheet metal car bodies are very harmful to the quality of the products but if they can be detected and remove on an early stage a lot of repairing work will be saved However the defects such as small dents pits and small ripples are usually very difficult to be inspected by human eyes and it is very inefficient and inaccurate using human detection therefore it is quite necessary to design an automatic system that can effectively detect the defects on the sheet metal surface and mark their positions so that later repairing work can be easily carried out An automatic dent detection system must meet the following requirements 1 The accuracy of the measurement system has to be on a sufficient level because the size of the dents is usually very small 2 The detection must be very effective It is more acceptable for the car manufacturers to improve the accuracy of their production systems rather than a long time waiting for a detection process to remove some small defects The detection time for a single sheet metal car part should be less than 10 minutes 3 The system should be smart enough and can tell a dent from the artifact features on the car part The car part is a manufactured ponent with specific features for functional and aesthetic purposes such as folded lines pockets and holes 4 The system should require the least of humaninvolvement This kind of defect detection system can be primarily concluded into two kinds of categories with very different methodologies The first one is very straight forward which adopts the surface information data and tries to implement a subtraction with the data of design model or a chunk of master piece without defects on it The positions with left out data are just where defects locate The other one copes with this problem from the opposite direction and it is to inspect the obtained surface data and tries to find out all possible positions of dents and then implement some classification and verification methods to distinguish dents from other possible features such as artifacts or noise with the assistant of design models The remaining positions are just defect locations The first method although is very straight forward and easy to implement there are several problems which will prevent the system being robust and automatic Since this method is based on subtraction a very nice surface model or master piece must be first derived However since the surface inspection sensor always has a size limitation which does not cover the whole model so that alignment surface reconstruction and partial surface registration are required which are heavy putational tasks The other problem is that usually the production line is a vibrate system so that it is difficult to make sure the precise location of the model which makes the registration very difficult Therefore a model independent system is desired with the least location information and registration calculations The second method is based on local feature extraction and the design model plays a role of assistance Because it does not require position information no registration or reconstruction is need this method is very robust and efficient Therefore this kind of feature base detection method is widely used in all kinds of defect detection and quality inspection systems 12 Optical Surface Inspection System Modern surface inspection system adopts all kinds of methods but the efficient nondamage surface inspection system takes advantage of optical devices in this or that way The monly used methods are Physical Optics methods the mostly mon used Laser Scanner System based on range images and the Machine Vision System based on 2D imaging of the surface The dents and ripples detection problem was first solved by the 2D imaging for shiny surfaces such as painted surface The current trend in the automotive industry is to develop and apply technology to continually improving quality reduce cost and weight and minimize the energy consumption and environmental impact of future vehicles During the last decades machine vision has been applied slowly but surely t