【導(dǎo)讀】語言隨著社會的發(fā)展而變化，并反。1949年以來，中國社會經(jīng)歷過幾次重大的社會變革，這種變革。對語言的使用是否產(chǎn)生影響是語言學(xué)界關(guān)注的問題之一。社論為研究對象，以系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)的思想為觀照，運(yùn)用定性分析與定量分析方法，對建國以來《人民日報(bào)》65篇元旦社論進(jìn)行歷時(shí)研究。分析，目的在于揭示話語和社會環(huán)境的關(guān)系。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)元旦社論這一語篇類型的語言。關(guān)系，呈現(xiàn)出共變的特征。

　　

【正文】 le 2. A model for the New Year’s Editorials Changes of Generic Structure over the Five Periods Since a model for the New Year’s Editorial is set up, it is absolutely necessary for us to verify its reliability in terms of statistical significance. Therefore, the paper uses this model to analyze the generic structure of the New Year’s Editorial. In order to make sure the reliability and entirety of this paper, the move structure of all the 65 New Year’s Editorials (194920xx) are shown in the table 3, which is followed by the table 4 with information of the frequency of each move in each period. Year Move structure Year Move structure Year Move structure 1949 3^4^5 1971 1^2^3^4^5 1993 1^2^3^4 1950 1^2^3^4^5 1972 1^2^3^4^5 1994 1^2^3^4^5 1951 1^2^3^4^5 1973 1^2^3^4^5 1995 1^2^3^4^5 1952 1^2^3^4^5 1974 1^2^3^4^5 1996 1^2^3^4^5 1953 1^3^4^5 1975 1^2^3^4^5 1997 1^2^3^4^5 1954 1^2^3^4 1976 1^2^3^4 1998 1^2^3^4^5 1955 1^3^4^5 1977 1^2^3^4^5 1999 1^2^3^4^5 1956 1^3^4^5 1978 3^4 20xx 1^2^3^4^5 1957 1^2^3^4 1979 1^2^4 20xx 1^2^3^4^5 1958 3^4^5 1980 1^2^3^4^5 20xx 3^4^5 1959 3^4^5 1981 1^3^4 20xx 1^2^3^4^5 Step 2 reiterate past policies Step 3 elaborate New Year’s goals, tasks Step 4 point out the guiding principles and thoughts Move5 Make appeal Step 1 plea for unity Step 2 appeal to adhere to the basic principles and ideas Step 3 plea for action and dedication Step 4 expression of confidence in a bright future for the country 12 1960 1^2^3^4 1982 1^2^3^4^5 20xx 1^2^3^4^5 1961 1^2^3^4^5 1983 1^3^4^5 20xx 1^2^3^4^5 1962 1^2^3^4^5 1984 1^2^3^4^5 20xx 1^2^3^4^5 1963 1^2^3^4^5 1985 1^2^3^4^5 20xx 1^2^3^4^5 1964 1^2^3^4 1986 1^2^3^4^5 20xx 3^4^5 1965 1^2^3^4^5 1987 1^2^3^4^5 20xx 1^3^4^5 1966 1^2^3^4^5 1988 1^3^4^5 20xx 1^2^3^4^5 1967 3^4^5 1989 1^3^4^5 20xx 1^2^3^4^5 1968 1^2^3^4^5 1990 1^2^3^4^5 20xx 1^3^4^5 1969 1^2^3^4^5 1991 1^2^3^4^5 20xx 1^3^4^5 1970 1^2^3^4^5 1992 1^2^3^4 Table 3. Move structure of the New Year’s Editorials 1 = Move 1 Announcing the ing of the New Year 2 = Move 2 Express feelings 3 = Move 3 Reviewing the past year 4 = Move 4 Setting forth the targets and tasks for the New Year 5 = Move 5 Closing appeals Periods Frequency (%) Move 1 Move 2 Move 3 Move 4 Move 5 The first period (19491956) 50 100 100 The second period (19571965) 100 100 The third period (19661977) 100 100 The fourth period (19781992) 100 The fifth period (199320xx) 100 100 Table 4. Frequency of generic moves in the New Year’s Editorials 13 Now that the detailed information of the New Year’s Editorial in terms of moves is available, we are in a position to make sure whether the model demonstrated in Table 3 is of universal significance, and which moves are obligatory and which are optional. Obligatory elements determine the genre type to which a text belongs, while optional elements result in the changes of a genre. The result of statistics shows that the move whose frequency over 95% is obligatory. From table 4, the most obvious characteristic is that move 4 appears in every New Year’s Editorial with an occurrence of 100% and the frequency of move 3 also over 95%. It means that move 4 and move 3 are obligatory moves and other moves are optional moves. These obligatory moves determine the genre type to which the New Year’s Editorial belongs. From the table 4, we can see clearly the frequency of move 1 in each period. The frequency of move 1 in the fourth period is the highest and in the second period is the lowest, because in the fourth period the Cultural Revolution was ended and China entered the new era of the Reform and Opening up. It is a big event so move 1 occurs frequently in this period. However, in the second period there are no many special years to emphasize. Therefore, the frequency of move 1 is the lowest in this period. For move 2, the frequency is lowest in the first period and highest in the third period. In the first period, there is no big event except the foundation of the new China。 however, in the third period China was undergoing the Cultural Revolution, the Chinese people admired Chairman Mao very much and participated in the Cultural Revolution. Hence, people have feelings to express when the New Year es. It can be seen clearly that the frequency of move 5 in the second period is the lowest and in the fifth period is the highest. The following reasons can explain it. In the second period, China was in tough period and was exploring the ways to develop socialism. People had no much confidence on the future of China. Besides, the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics was not proposed in this period. Nevertheless, in the fifth period China found the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics which was suitable to China situation. Moreover, the people’s living standards had been improved and the Chinese had confidence on the bright future for the country, and the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics was proposed in this period. Therefore, the frequency of move 5 was the 14 highest in this period pared with other periods. 6. Conclusion With the theory of systemic functional grammar as theoretical background, the present study takes the New Year’s Editorials as study object and conducts a diachronic study from high frequency key words, title and generic structure aspects. The changes of these three aspects in each period have close relationship with the social situations. Through this study, it is clear that social changes influence the New Year’s Editorials and the variation of the New Year’s Editorials, and to some extent, the variation of the New Year’s Editorials also affect the changes of social situations. Thus, this study reaches a conclusion that discourse and social change