【導(dǎo)讀】工業(yè)水處理技術(shù)的要求不斷提高，促進(jìn)了水處理藥劑的迅速發(fā)展。功能的水處理藥劑己經(jīng)成為人們競(jìng)相開發(fā)的熱點(diǎn)。阻垢性能，且無(wú)磷、非氮、可生物降解性好，是現(xiàn)代阻垢劑的更新?lián)Q代產(chǎn)品。將PESA投加到工業(yè)循環(huán)水中做為緩蝕阻垢劑使用，對(duì)節(jié)。約水資源有較好的應(yīng)用前景。本文采用傳統(tǒng)的一步法合成阻垢劑聚環(huán)氧琥珀酸。以馬來(lái)酸酐為原料，酸鹽，經(jīng)酸化甲醇洗滌、干燥得到目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物聚環(huán)氧琥珀酸。電導(dǎo)率法評(píng)定PESA的阻垢性能較好。通過(guò)改變?nèi)芤簻囟?、阻垢劑濃度測(cè)定溶?；兤鹬饕饔?高溫時(shí)分散起主要作用,從動(dòng)力學(xué)上影響碳酸鈣結(jié)垢過(guò)程。發(fā)生變化,PESA影響碳酸鈣結(jié)垢過(guò)程的控制過(guò)程發(fā)生改變。1引言...…………

　　

【正文】 indicates much better scale inhibition performance. In the following static experiments, the effects of solution temperature and hardness on the scale inhibition performance were studied. The 2+Ca concentration of the solutions was 600 mg/L (as CaCO3) and the pH was about . The experiments were carried out under different solution temperatures and PASP concentrations with 10 h running for 26 each test. The scale inhibition ratios versus PASP concentrations were calculated under different solution temperature conditions. To validate the scale inhibition performance under a higher hardness condition, the solution was confected at a 2+Ca concentration of 800 mg/L and pH . Then it was put into water baths of 30 and 60℃ for 10 h, respectively. The curves of the scale inhibition ratio versus the PASP concentration were obtained under different solution hardness conditions. Experimental results and discussion Effect of solution temperature on scale inhibition performance. Figure 1 shows the effect of the solution temperature on scale inhibition performance. When the solution temperatures are 30 and 60℃ ， the scale inhibition ratios exceed 90% with only 3 mg/L PASP used and the scale inhibition performance was excellent. When the solution temperature reaches 80℃ , the scale inhibition rate decreases and 9 mg/L PASP is needed to get a scale inhibition ratio of 50%. From the figures, it is shown that the solution temperature has an effect on the scale inhibition performance of PASP. Thus, PASP as a scale inhibitor fits to application in industrial cooling water systems。 Effect of 2+Ca concentration on scale inhibition performance. Figure 2 shows the effect of the 2+Ca concentration (solution hardness) on scale inhibition performance. It indicates that the scale inhibition ratios decrease with the increasing of the Ca2+ concentration. However, the scale inhibition performance bees better by 27 increasing the PASP concentration. The scale inhibition ratios can also reach 90% even for 800 mg/L hardness solution with 6 and 12 mg/L PASP under solution temperatures of 30 and 60℃ , respectively. Accordingly PASP may control scale formation effectively even under conditions of a high solution hardness. Analysis of scale inhibition mechanism Solutions in two conical flasks were confected, of which the 2+Ca concentrations were both 600 mg/L. For the purpose of parison, PASP was added into the solution in one conical flask for the scale inhibition test. They were both put into a water tank 28 with the water temperature at 60℃ . After 10 h the conical flasks were taken out and the solutions were filtered. The filtered scale was dried in a drying box for 48 h at room temperature. Samples of crystals were observed by using a scan electron microscope (SEM). The contrastive SEM photographs of the CaCO3 crystals are shown in Figure 3 for experiments with and without PASP treatment. In the experiment without PASP treatment, CaCO3 crystals are normally poleshaped and very hard, and they grow in strict orders. It is difficult to wipe them off from the heat transfer surface. However, in the experiment with PASP treatment, the scale inhibitor can be adsorbed to crystal nuclei of inanic salt. The formation of CaCO3crystals is influenced by the inhibitor and the crystal structure changes to a great extent. The crystal lattice twists to form some bigger and anomalistic noncrystal particulates, which are loose and can be washed away by flow water easily. 2 Dynamic experiment Experimental apparatus Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the present experimental setup, which consists of a storage tank, a pump, a flow meter, a heat exchanger, a cooling water loop and a test section, where the test solution is heated by an electrical element. Figure 5 shows details of the test section in a crosssectional view. The test section poses of two concentric tubes both made of stainless steel. The central tube is an electrical heating element with a maximum power of 600 W. The test solution flows in the annulus gap and is heated. The outer diameter of the annulus gap is 26 mm and the inner diameter is 20 mm. The length of the real heat transfer section is 150 mm. Before the heat transfer section is the flow entryway, whose length is 300 mm and the inner PVF stick has the same outer diameter as the stainless steel pipe. Three ktype thermocouples are located in different 29 depths along the axial direction of the inner stainless pipe to measure the temperature of the heated transfer surface. All the thermocouples were calibrated to confirm manufacture’s claim of accuracy of 177。℃ Preliminary experiments were performed to validate the operational reliability of the experimental equipment, and maximum heat loss was less than 5%. Experimental method and principle The initial temperature of the heat transfer surface was kept at ℃ 。 the solution temperature was ℃ 。 the hardness was 600 mg/L。 the velocity of flow was m/s。 and the heat flux was 4210 /Wm? The heat transfer equilibrium was needed before the experiment, which means that the inlet and outlet temperatures of the solution at the test section and the wall temperature varied within 177。℃ during 1 h. Then certain amounts of CaCl2 and NaHCO3 were put into the water storage tank, respectively, to confect 100 L of a test solution of 600 mg/L hardness. The experiments lasted 12 h. During the experiments, all the temperatures and flow rates were recorded by a puter through a data acquisition system. Then the fouling resistance can be calculated by eq. (2). where t means a certain operational period, an