【正文】 ,而且在220kV及以上的超高壓變電站建設(shè)中也大量采用自動(dòng)化新技術(shù),從而大大提高了電網(wǎng)建設(shè)的現(xiàn)代化水平,增強(qiáng)了輸配電和電網(wǎng)調(diào)度的可能性,降低了變電站建設(shè)的總造價(jià),這已經(jīng)成為不爭的事實(shí),特別是結(jié)合了全站的操作防誤系統(tǒng),要求變電站建設(shè)一期工程越齊越好,而這在高電壓等級(jí)的變電站建設(shè)中幾乎是不可能的；擴(kuò)建工程的操作防誤閉鎖邏輯實(shí)際驗(yàn)證困難,特別是牽涉到母線類的；,對(duì)IO設(shè)備的運(yùn)行可靠性要求很高；這是目前國內(nèi)外在變電所設(shè)計(jì)中所面臨的問題與挑戰(zhàn)。變電所綜合自動(dòng)化已成為當(dāng)前變電所設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用中的熱門課題和發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。在一些工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家中，配電自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)受到了廣泛的重視，國外的配電自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)形成了集變電所自動(dòng)化、饋線分段開關(guān)測(cè)控、電容器組調(diào)節(jié)控制、用戶負(fù)荷控制和遠(yuǎn)方抄表等系統(tǒng)于一體的配電網(wǎng)管理系統(tǒng)（DMS），其功能已多達(dá)140余種。從國外配電自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)采用的通信方式看，尚沒有一種通信技術(shù)可以很好地滿足于配電系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化所有層次的需要。在一個(gè)配電自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)內(nèi)，往往由多種通信技術(shù)組合成綜合的通信系統(tǒng)，各個(gè)層次按實(shí)際需要采用合適的通信方式。研究內(nèi)容變電站設(shè)計(jì)主要根據(jù)用電的要求電壓等級(jí)來選擇合理的變壓器和母線的設(shè)置，來實(shí)現(xiàn)變換電壓、接受和分配電能、控制電力的流向和調(diào)整電壓的電力設(shè)施，通過變壓器將各級(jí)電壓的電網(wǎng)聯(lián)系起來。主要解決的問題有：變壓器的選擇母線的選擇短路電流的計(jì)算繼電保護(hù)裝置的選擇隔離開關(guān)、斷路器的選擇避雷裝置的選擇輸電線的選擇電流電壓互感器的選型一次接線圖、二次接線圖的繪制對(duì)專變電站設(shè)計(jì)，可以了解變電所在變換和分配電能中的作用：可靠地保證整個(gè)電力系統(tǒng)的安全運(yùn)行與經(jīng)濟(jì)效率，通過變電站的合理設(shè)計(jì)和配置充分發(fā)揮電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)固性、可靠性和持續(xù)性。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，科技的不斷提高，眾多技術(shù)逐漸滲透到各個(gè)行業(yè)，如何利用這些高科技為人類服務(wù)，如何充分利用這些高科技在電氣行業(yè)中，使之更好的為我們服務(wù)，這還需要電氣行業(yè)人員不斷的努力，開拓創(chuàng)新。參考文獻(xiàn)：[1]熊信銀.《發(fā)電廠電氣部分》.水利電力出版社，1992年 [2]何仰贊等.《電力系統(tǒng)分析》.華中理工大學(xué)電力出版社，1991年 [3]賀家李等.《電力系統(tǒng)及電保護(hù)原理》.水利電力出版社，1992年 [4]吳廣寧.《高電壓技術(shù)》.浙江大學(xué)出版社，1994年 [5]雍靜.《供配電技術(shù)》.機(jī)械出版社，1994年[6]張冠生.《電器理論基礎(chǔ)》.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1991年 [7]楊有啟.《電氣安全規(guī)程》.北京出版社，1991年 [8]劉從愛.《電力工程》.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1992年[9]王崇林、鄒有明主編.《供電技術(shù)》.煤炭工業(yè)出版社，1996年 [10]李軍年.《電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)》.水利電力出版社，1991年[11]國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB500591992.《35110kV變電所設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》.中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社，1992年[12] 趙成軍,[J].(23)[13]薄艷云,王鵬,[J].(05)[14][J].(12)[15]張華,[J].中國電業(yè)(技術(shù)版).2013(04)外文文獻(xiàn)General Requirements to Construction of SubstationSubstations are a vital element in a power supply system of industrial enterprises．They serve to receive，convert and distribute electric on power and purpose ,the substations are divided into central distribution substations for a voltage of 110500kV。main stepdown substations for110220/61035kV。deep entrance substations for 110330/610Kv。distribution substations for 610Kv。shop transformer substations for 610/ the main stepdown substations, the energy received from the power source is transformed from 110220kV usually to 610kV(sometimes 35kV)which is distributed among substations of the enterprise and is fed to highvoltage distribution substations receive energy from power systems and distribute it(without or with partial transformation)via aerial and cable lines of deep entrances at a voltage of 110220kV over the enterprise distribution substation differs from the main distribution substation in a higher power and in that bulk of its power is at a voltage of 110220kV。it features simplified switching circuits at primary voltage。it is fed from the power to an individual object or mediumpower shop substations transform energy from 610kV to a secondary voltage of 380/220 or 660/ transformer substations are used at power plants for transformation of energy produced by the generators to a higher voltage which decreases losses at a longdistance substations are intended to convert AC to DC(sometimes vice versa)and to convert energy of one frequency to substations with semiconductor rectifiers are convert energy of one frequency to substations with semiconductor rectifiers are most substations for 610kV are fed primarily from main distribution substations(sometimes from central distribution substations).With a system of dividing substations for 110220kV, the functions of a switchgear are acplished by switchgears for 610kV at deep entrance on location of substations their switchgear may be outdoor or feed and output lines at 610kV substations are mainly of the cable 35220kV substations of the aerial erecting and wiring the substations ,major attention is given to reliable and economic power supply of a given are erected by industrial methods with the use of large blocks and assemblies prepared at the site shops of electric engineering organizations and factories of electrical engineering are usually designed for operation without continuous attendance of the duty personnel but with the use of elementary automatic and signaling constructing the structural part of a is advisable to use lightweight industrial structures and elements(panels ,floors ,etc.)made of bent elements are premade outside the erection zone and are only assembled at considerably cuts the terms and cost of circuitry concepts of substations are chosen when designing a powersupply system of the feature primary voltage and output cable lines or current conductors of secondary are mounted from equipment and elements described number of possible binations of equipment and elements is very a substation circuitry ,it is necessary to strive for maximum simplification and minimizing the number of switching substations are more reliable and is simplified by using automatic reclosure or automatic change over to reserve facility which allows rapid and faultless redundancy of individual elements and using designing transformer substations of industrial enterprises for all voltages , the following basic considerations are taken into account: employment of a singlebus system with using twobus systems only to ensure a reliable and economic power supply。 use of unitized constructions and busless substations。 employment of automatics and telemetry。if the substation design does not envisage the use of automatics or telemetry ,the circuitry is so arranged as to allow for adding such equipment in future without excessive investments and of simple and cheap devicesisolating switches ,shortcircuiting switches ,loadbreaking isolators ,fuses ,with due regard for their switching capacity may drastically cut the need for expensive and critical oil ,vacuum ,solenoid and air and switchgear circuitries are so made that using the equipment of each production line is fed from individual transformers ,assemblies ,the lines to allow their disconnection simultaneously with mechanisms without disrupting operation of adjacent production elaborating circuitry of a substation, the most vital task is to properly choose and arrangeswitchingdevices(switches ,isolators ,current limiters ,arresters ,highvoltage fuses).The decision depends on the purpose ,p