【導(dǎo)讀】師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的成果。盡我所知，除文中特別加。而使用過的材料。對本研究提供過幫助和做出過貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人或集體，均已在文中作了明確的說明并表示了謝意。摘要:伊迪絲·華頓是美國著名小說家之一。中《純真年代》詮釋了華頓一生的歷程，濃縮了她思想的精髓。起著不可小視的作用。最典型的時(shí)代特征。本文首先簡要介紹伊迪絲·華頓本人及其作品。時(shí)代背景以及主要內(nèi)容梗概。小說通過貴族青年紐蘭與埃倫之間的愛情悲劇故。事，展現(xiàn)出19世紀(jì)70年代末紐約上流社會(huì)的風(fēng)貌。對三位主人公間關(guān)系的看法。年輕儒雅的紐蘭深陷在遵守社會(huì)規(guī)范和追求真愛的。真純潔的梅則致力于維護(hù)自己的婚姻和保全虛妄的社會(huì)地位。而親戚朋友們?yōu)榱?。通過分析小說主要人物間。紐約上流社會(huì)保守、虛偽和勢利的特點(diǎn)。最后為結(jié)語，系統(tǒng)闡述文章的主旨內(nèi)涵。

　　

【正文】 he best evidences to prove her love to Newland. Ellen can?t take Newland off her mind, but she persuades him to get married with May and be a good father. She is a new lady with free thoughts, and she just shows her great love in her unique way. May?s attitude towards the relationship between Newland and Ellen As fiancee of Newland, she has the right to protect her marriage and not allow any affair happen between Newland and other women. May is a typical product of the New York society, regarding marriage as the only choice for a happy and stable life, so she makes the wedding day timely ahead of time when she finds Newland may have an affair with Ellen. She would like to take any measures to maintain her marriage. At first, May asks Newland to “be kind to Ellen”(Wharton, 20xx), but after she perceives the clue of the two and Newland can?t fet Ellen after they get married, May gradually gets unsatisfied with Ellen and wants her to get away from New York. She uses a sarcastic tone to judge Ellen in front of Newland, “She?s so differentat least on the surface. She takes up such odd people she seems to like to make herself conspicuous”(Wharton, 20xx), and once Newland also thinks that “she hates Ellen”(Wharton, 20xx). One day when Newland accidentally mentions Ellen what seems irritates May, she said with a slight pout of impatience “why should we talk about Ellen tonight?”(Wharton,20xx). The intimacy between the two girls has all gone. With the help of the upper class, May successfully expels Ellen out of New York city. Through the narration of Dallas, May knows the affair between her husband and Ellen from the beginning to the end, but she just smothers their affection under the disguise of smile and docility. Relatives and friends? attitudes towards the relationship between Newland 11 and Ellen Ellen?s desire for a divorce is totally contrary to the secular fashion of New York society, and it naturally causes a lot of dissatisfaction. Lovell Mingott family hold a formal banquet and invite friends to participate in to wele the return of the Countess Olenska, however, the invitations are received consistently refusal which shows the behavior of Ellen is pletely unacceptable in New York. “The upper class pay great attention to the “decent” principle of life and they are afraid of scandal than fear of disease”(Li Yinbo, 20xx). They all think that divorce will bring humiliation to the whole family and social position. Besides, if Ellen gets divorce ,she has no economic ine for her to live on. Ellen?s behavior threatens the old conventions of the New York and manifests the conservatism and hypocrisy of upper class, so almost everyone insists that Ellen is stupid and they naturally have no good impression on such a treacherous lady. The love affair between Newland and Ellen has received consistently resistance again. The relatives and friends are well thought of Newland and May?s marriage, and when they perceive that Ellen is a threat of the happy couple, they do every effort to protect the marriage from harms. Actually, the New Yorkers can not bear a person like Ellen to disturb the stereotypical way of life, and they consider Ellen as a “disaster” to the old conventions and social customs. Finally the relatives and friends successfully expel Ellen out of the New York together with May, and Ellen lives the rest of her life alone in Europe. 12 Chapter 3 Analyzing the Features of “Old New York” As one member of the upper class in New York, Wharton lets the outsiders peep into the whole picture of the Gilded Age New York. The greatest thing is that she not only showed us the upper class what they eat, what they play, but also exposed the sophisticated social skills under the elegance and the slightly paranoid persistence of social customs. By using the eloquence of irony and contrast, Wharton revealed the psychology of the characters when they were confronted with difficult choices and stripped the disguise of etiquette manners, exposing the essence that “old New Yorker” tried to hide. Here, the features of the old New York society will be stated from three aspects. The conservatism of “old New York” People39。s behavior is bound by unshakable traditions and customs of the old New York and they are all trapped in the inherent pay great attention on the dress, manners and seek to do everything in decency. With her unique women?s sensitivity and delicacy, Wharton showed us the red tape of upper class and captured the pulse of the times by depicting a variety of social events, theater viewing, family party, formal dinners, church weddings, social visits. The things are all ruled by the stipulation and behind which are the socalled social moral standard and principle in New York society. The people blindly ply with the old conventions. They deny anything new around them and anyone who breaks the rule should suffer the consistent condemn and spurn from upper class. So the appearance of Ellen indeed scares the upper class. Ellen has the courage to get rid of the old convention and challenge the authority of social system. “she judges things with her own mind and do what her want to do”(Zhong Minyi, 20xx). She is different from others in dressing, room arrangement and behaviors. “she was wearing a strange clothes which are very conspicuous......revealing, as she leaned forward, a little more shoulder and bosom than New York was accustomed to seeing, at least in ladies who 13 had reasons for wishing to pass unnoticed”(Wharton, 20xx). She takes advantage of strange clothes to express her protest of the convention. Moreover, she lives in a quite tatty house in west twentythird street, “small dress makers, birdstuffers and ?people who wrote? were her nearest neighbors”