【導讀】隨著社會的發(fā)展，人們對環(huán)境中的溫度和濕度的要求也越來越高，尤其是在醫(yī)學、電子電力、航天航空、食品發(fā)酵等領域中對溫濕度的要求尤其嚴格，鑒于如此設計出一個能夠精確、穩(wěn)定、實時測量出環(huán)境中溫濕度的實用型溫濕度檢測儀顯得尤為重要。本溫濕度檢測儀是以AT89S52單片機的為核心控制芯片，該單片機有很好的抗干擾能力、響應速度快。本檢測儀的硬件部分的設計采用了0809A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器以高靈敏度采集濕敏電阻阻值變化，在經(jīng)過單片機處理得到相應濕度；單片機直接控制溫度傳感器DS18B20對溫度實時采集和監(jiān)控。本儀器還增加了報警裝置，用戶可根據(jù)需要設定溫濕度上下限，若當前溫濕度超限便會報警。接入獨立鍵盤鍵盤實現(xiàn)人機交換功能，并用LCD12864作為顯示設備的硬件設計方案。計還有一些不足之處，離產(chǎn)品實用還有一定的差距，還有一些方面需要進一步完善。本文介紹的濕度檢測儀就是以AT89S52單片機作為核心控制器設計的，它具有體積小、操作簡單、性能穩(wěn)定、測量精度高和抗干擾

　　

【正文】 memory and control functions are accessible and the mastermay then provide any one of the six memory and control function mands. One control function mand instructs the DS1820 to perform a temperature measurement. The result of this measurement will be placed in the DS1820’s scratchpad memory, and may be read by issuing a memory function mand which reads the contents of the scratchpad memory. The temperature alarm triggers TH and TL consist of one byte EEPROM each. If the alarm search mand is not applied to the DS1820, these registers may be used as general purpose user memory. Writing TH and TL is done using a memory function mand. Read access to these registers is through the scratchpad. All data is read and written least significant bit block diagram (Figure 1) shows the parasite powered circuitry. This circuitry “steals” power whenever the I/O or VDD pins are high. I/O will provide sufficient power as long as the specified timing and voltage requirements are met (see the section titled “1–Wire Bus System”). The advantages of parasite power are two–fold:1) by parasiting off this pin, no local power source is needed for remote sensing of temperature, 2) the ROM may be read in absence of normal power. In order for the DS1820 to be able to perform accurate temperature conversions, sufficient power must be provided over the I/O line when a temperature conversion is taking place. Since the operating current of the DS1820 is up to 1 mA, the I/O line will not have sufficient drive due to the 5K pull–up resistor. This problem is particularly acute if several DS1820’s are on the same I/O and attempting to convert simultaneously.There are two ways to assure that the DS1820 has sufficient supply current during its active conversion cycle. The first is to provide a strong pull–up on the I/O linewhenever temperature conversions or copies to the E2 memory are taking place. This may be acplished by using a MOSFET to pull the I/O line directly to the power supply as shown in Figure 2. The I/O line must be switched over to the strong pull–up within 10 ms maximum after issuing any protocol that involves copying to the E2 memory or initiates temperature conversions. When using the parasite power mode, the VDD pin must be tied to ground. Another method of supplying current to the DS1820 is through the use of an external power supply tied to the VDD pin, as shown in Figure 3. The advantage to this is that the strong pull–up is not required on the I/O line, and the bus master need not be tied up holding that line high during temperature conversions. This allows other data traffic on the 1–Wire bus during the conversion time. In addition, any number of DS1820’s may be placed on the 1–Wire bus, and if they all use external power, they may all simultaneously perform temperature conversions by issuing the Skip ROM mand and then issuing the Convert T mand. Note that as long as the external power supply is active, the GND pin may not be floating. The use of parasite power is not remended above 100176。C, since it may not be able to sustain munications given the higher leakage currents the DS1820 exhibits at these temperatures. For applications in which such temperatures are likely, it is strongly remended that VDD be applied to the DS1820. For situations where the bus master does not know whether the DS1820’s on the bus are parasite powered or supplied with external VDD, a provision is made in the DS1820 to signal the power supply scheme used. The bus master can determine if any DS1820’s are on the bus which require the strong pull–up by sending a SkipROM protocol, then issuing the read power supply mand. After this mand is issued, the master then issues read time slots. The DS1820 will send back “0” on the 1–Wire bus if it is parasite powered。 it will send back a “1” if it is powered from the VDD pin. If the master receives a “0”, it knows that it must supply the strong pull–up on the I/O line during temperature conversions. See “Memory Command Functions” section for more detail on this mand protocol.OPERATION – MEASURING TEMPERATUREThe DS1820 measures temperature through the use of an on–board proprietary temperature measurement technique. A block diagram of the temperature measurement circuitry is shown in Figure 4. The DS1820 measures temperature by counting the number of clock cycles that an oscillator with a low temperature coefficient goes through during a gate period determined by a high temperature coefficient oscillator. The counter is preset with a base count that corresponds to –55176。C. If the counter reaches zero before the gate period is over, the temperature register, which is also preset to the –55176。C value, is incremented, indicating that the temperature is higher than –55176。C. At the same time, the counter is then preset with a value determined by the slope accumulator circuitry. This circuitry is needed to pensate for the parabolic behavior of the oscillators over temperature. The counter is then clocked again until it reaches zero.If the gate period is still not finished, then this process repeats. The slope accumulator is used to pensate for the non–linear behavior of the oscillators over temperature, yielding a high resolution temperature measurement. This is done by changing the number of counts necessary for the counter to go through for each incremental degree in temperature. To obtain the desired resolution, therefore, both the value of the counter and the number of counts per degree C (the value of the slope accumulator) at a given temperature must be known.Internally, this calculation is done inside the DS1820 to provide 176。C resolution. The temperature reading is provided in a 16–bit, sign–extended two’s plement reading. Table 1 describes the exact relationship of output data to measured temperature. The data is transmitted serially over the 1–Wire interface. The DS1820 can measure temperature over the range of –55176。C to +125176。C in 176。C increments. For Fahrenheit usage, a