【導(dǎo)讀】intention.English.

　　

【正文】 first atom bomb in 1964,launched its first manmade satellite in 1970,fired its first transcontinental ballistic missile toward the Pacific in 1980,and launched its first manned spacecraft on ,2020. In 1955,six years later after the founding of New China,Qian Xuesen returned to the 1956,Qian put forward “Proposal on the Development of China’s Aviation Industry for National Defense” and assisted Zhou Enlai,the then premiere,and Marshal Nie Rongzheng to prepare the establishment of China’s first missile and rocket Ramp。D structure,the Fifth Research Institute of State Ministry of the October of 1956,Qian assumed office of directorgeneral with the fifth research ,Qian has long been in charge of the chief technological officer with the Ramp。D of China’s missile,rocket and spacecraft,and has contributed great to the establishment and development of China’s missile,rocket and spacecraft undertakings. Marie Curie Marie Curie,Polish scientist,was born in Warsaw,on November 7th,1867,and died in France,on 4th July single name was Maria Paris,Marie graduated in Mathematical and Physical got married in 1895 with the French physicist,Pierre 1896, suggested the theme of her the study of natural radiation from uranium her work,the Curie couple discovered a new radioactive element named polonium in honor to Marie’s few months later,they were able to discover radium for the first with Becquerel,she obtained the Nobel Prize for Physics in founded the Radium Institute of Paris,and was the main responsible until her 1911 she was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Albert Einstein Albert Einstein was born in Ulm,Germany,in father owned a factory that made electrical mother enjoyed music and parents were Jewish but they did not observe many of the religion’s a child he always loved mathematics,and he had his idea of the theory of relativity when he was only 16 years published his special theory of relativity in 1915,he expanded it to a “General Theory of Relativity.” He changed the way we understand the universe. In 1921,he won the Nobel Prize in was given to him,not for his theories of relativity,but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric scientific law explained how and why some metals give off electrons after light falls on their discovery led to the development of modern electronics,including radio and Einstein taught in Switzerland and left Germany when Adolph Hitler came to power in moved to the United States to continue his worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,New became a citizen of the United States in Einstein opposed he wrote to President Franklin Roosevelt in 1939 to advise him that the United States should develop an atomic bomb before Germany Einstein died in was seventysix years old. Archimedes 阿基米德（ Archimedes 約公元前 287～前 212）是古希臘著名的數(shù)學(xué)家和物理學(xué)家。靜力學(xué)和流體靜力學(xué)的奠基人。公元前 287年誕生于地中海西西里島的敘拉古城（今意大利錫拉庫薩）。他的父親是古希臘天文學(xué)家和數(shù)學(xué)家。阿基米德從小深受父親的影響 ,偏愛數(shù)學(xué) ,很早就學(xué)習(xí)希臘著名數(shù)學(xué)家歐幾里得（約前 330~前 275）的《幾何學(xué)原理》。 11 歲的時候 ,阿基米德去當(dāng)時著名的文化中心 —— 尼羅河畔的亞歷山大城學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)期間對數(shù)學(xué)、力學(xué)和天文學(xué)有濃厚的興趣。在他學(xué)習(xí)天文學(xué)時 ,發(fā)明了用水力推動的星球儀 ,并用它模擬太陽、行星和月亮 的運行及表演日食和月食現(xiàn)象。為解決用尼羅河水灌溉土地的難題 ,他發(fā)明了圓筒狀的螺旋揚水器 ,后人稱它為 ”阿基米德螺旋 ”。公元前 240 年 ,他學(xué)成后回到敘拉古 ,當(dāng)了國王亥厄洛的顧問 ,幫助國王解決生產(chǎn)實踐、軍事技術(shù)和日常生活中的各種科學(xué)技術(shù)問題。公元前 212年 ,敘拉古城失陷 ,正在聚精會神地研究科學(xué)問題的阿基米德 ,不幸被蠻橫的羅馬士兵殺害。 袁隆平 袁隆平 Yuan Longping(~)出生于北平 ,1953 年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)學(xué)院。 1964 年開始研究雜交水稻 ,1973 年實現(xiàn)三系配套 ,1974 年育成第一個 雜交水稻強優(yōu)組合南優(yōu) 2 號 ,1975 年研制成功雜交水稻制種技術(shù) ,從而為大面積推廣雜交水稻奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 1985 年提出雜交水稻育種的戰(zhàn)略設(shè)想 ,為雜交水稻的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展指明了方向。 1987 年任 863 計劃兩系雜交稻專題的責(zé)任專家 ,1995 年研制成功兩系雜交水稻 ,1997 年提出超級雜交稻育種技術(shù)路線 ,2020 年實現(xiàn)了農(nóng)業(yè)部制定的中國超級稻育種的第一期目標(biāo) ,2020 年提前一年實現(xiàn)了超級稻第二期目標(biāo)。 1995 年當(dāng)選為中國工程院院士。先后獲得 ”國家特等發(fā)明獎 ”“首屆最高科學(xué)技術(shù)獎 ”等多項國內(nèi)獎項和聯(lián)合國 ”科學(xué)獎 ”“沃爾夫獎 ”“世界糧食獎 ”等 11 項國際大獎。出版中、英文專著 6 部 ,發(fā)表論文 60 余篇。 1995 年當(dāng)選為中國工程院院士。