【正文】 ies to make a good impression on the first day? Well, it took me at least one whole hour to do my hair! On Monday, we were quite busy getting adjusted to our new year of school. We learned about what the fifth grade teachers called munity service. A munity service is what fifth grade students must do when they get in trouble. Some of the jobs include pulling weeds, sweeping the sidewalks, or picking up rocks from the old soccer field. On the second day, we started to put our notebooks together. That was what we did most of the day. A few days later we started to plant a tree. Nothing to it just a bit of hard work. Every Monday after school, you can sign up to go to a singing group. In the spring we get to travel out of the state. The trips were a blast. Singing and traveling is what Grade 4 is all about! The first week of school let me see how much fun I would have in the year ahead. I39。m looking forward to the rest of my year in fifth grade. 1. Boys and girls, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. Year 539。s school trip next halfterm, on Friday, 5th July, will be a visit to Kentwell Hall in Suffolk, a trip back in time to the sixteenth century. We will leave school promptly at 8 . and expect to return by 6 . We visited Kentwell last year and, although it is a long day and more expensive than the usual school trips, it is a wonderful experience for the children and well worth the extra money and the long journey. Everyone will dress up in Tudor costume, which is very simple and details are attached to help! The children will also learn how to speak as people did in 1539 and will experience life as it was at Kentwell in the last years of Henry VIII‘ s reign(統(tǒng)治 ). That’ s all. Thank you. (146 words) 七、通知、信件等文件 第三章 短文改錯(cuò) 短文改錯(cuò)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的評(píng)價(jià)能力．測(cè)試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷和糾正語(yǔ)篇錯(cuò)誤的能力．要求學(xué)生有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功．短文改錯(cuò)的主要目的不僅在于考查考生是否能識(shí)別錯(cuò)誤，還在于通過(guò)要求糾正錯(cuò)誤，考查考生是否正確熟練地掌握了語(yǔ)言基本規(guī)則．用學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)來(lái)監(jiān)察語(yǔ)言的輸出就是一種語(yǔ)言的能力．做短文改錯(cuò)題時(shí)，不公要注意單純獨(dú)立的語(yǔ)法或詞的錯(cuò)誤，還要注意篇章上的錯(cuò)誤．短文改錯(cuò)常見如下錯(cuò)誤有多詞、缺詞、錯(cuò)詞等，但１０行中有一行是正確的．提高改錯(cuò)能力的關(guān)鍵：一是基本概念清楚；二要閱讀細(xì)心；三要做一定量練習(xí)． 短文改錯(cuò)不是語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)，更不是單選的變種，它 重在考查考生在語(yǔ)篇閱讀中的校驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Γ@方面能力 強(qiáng)，短文寫作中的錯(cuò)誤就少．一般來(lái)說(shuō)，短文寫的非 常好的同學(xué)的短文改錯(cuò)能力也較強(qiáng)． 短文改錯(cuò)有如下特點(diǎn)： (1) 語(yǔ)言材料取自于學(xué)生習(xí)作或類似學(xué)生的習(xí)作． (2) 是常見話題或?qū)W生身邊事． (3) 選篇的難度與學(xué)生高三學(xué)段應(yīng)有的難度相當(dāng)． (4) 語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)單易懂． (5) 絕少生僻的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象或過(guò)于繁難的語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)． 中國(guó)人說(shuō)話重復(fù)很多，代詞用得不如英文多。比如，我們說(shuō)“ 男孩有男孩的特點(diǎn)，女孩有女孩的特點(diǎn) ” ，不會(huì)說(shuō)成“男孩有 他們的 特點(diǎn)，女孩有 她們的 ?！? 而英文卻通常是這么說(shuō)的： Boys have their traits, girls theirs. 因此，我們寫英文很可能在代詞方面出錯(cuò)誤。 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 _________ 第一節(jié) 代詞錯(cuò)誤（ 4－ 1） 第一節(jié) 代詞錯(cuò)誤 1. Before leaving the classroom, we usually clean the teacher39。s desk first and our later. （ 提示 ： 注意物主代詞的用法。名詞性物主代詞有： mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, its等。這句話中 our應(yīng)是 ours表示 our desks。 ） 2. Every one in our dormitory takes the room as the second home. 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 _________ 第一節(jié) 代詞錯(cuò)誤（ 4－ 2） 3. I am looking for a flat. I’ d like it with a garden. （ 提示 ： everyone 與 every one 是不同的， every one 應(yīng)與 of 短語(yǔ)連用，如： every one of us 等。 ） （ 提示 ： 英語(yǔ)中用以指代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞的代詞較多，如 it,one,that等，而猶以 it最為常見。學(xué)生往往傾向于用 it指代任何單數(shù)名詞。此處的 it，實(shí)是指不確定的某一公寓（ a flat） ,應(yīng)用 one來(lái)指代為佳。 ） 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 _________ 第一節(jié) 代詞錯(cuò)誤（ 4－ 3） 4. Each boy has himself’ s favorite toys. （ 提示 ： 反身代詞表達(dá)“自己”的概念。學(xué)生易根據(jù)名詞所有格的構(gòu)成規(guī)則，生造出 himself’ s的表達(dá)方式，這是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)的。此句宜改為 : Each boy has his own favorite toys. Each boy has favorite toys of his own. ) 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 _________ 第一節(jié) 代詞錯(cuò)誤（ 4－ 4） 5. You can sit at both ends of the boat. （ 提示 ： 英語(yǔ)中有 both,either,neither等詞，都是對(duì)“兩個(gè)”的概念作出不同的陳述。中國(guó)學(xué)生易將“兩”的概念無(wú)限放大，而忽略了他們各自的內(nèi)在意義，如 both表示“兩者全部”；either表示“兩者中取一”。根據(jù)“一個(gè)人在同一時(shí)間只能坐在一個(gè)地方”的基本常識(shí)，此句應(yīng)改為： You can sit at either end of the boat.） 中文句子結(jié)構(gòu)是意合，也就是說(shuō)詞與詞在意義上合成一句話。英文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)則是形合，它用連詞合成句子。比如：中文說(shuō)“他不來(lái)，我不去”。英文不可以說(shuō) He doesn39。t e, I won39。t go，而應(yīng)說(shuō)成 I won39。t go until / before / unless he es. 我們寫英文時(shí)常在連詞方面出一些錯(cuò)誤。 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 _________ 第二節(jié) 連詞錯(cuò)誤 （ 4－ 1） 第二節(jié) 連詞錯(cuò)誤 2. You can stick to your opinion, I39。ll insist on my own view. 1. Her parents died, so she lived with her grandfather in a small wooden house. However, her aunt was a bad woman and she sold her to a rich family. 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 _________ 第二節(jié) 連詞錯(cuò)誤 （ 4－ 2） [提示 ： however是 in spite of this 或 nevertheless的意思，有的語(yǔ)法專家稱為“半連接詞”，然而，可是 ,較 but意味稍弱，如： Scotland sometimes has very strong winds,especially in , that night was the worst one in history.(Lesson 42, The Hurricane, Unit 11, SEFCBIIB) 顯然，此處的 however 在連接下面句子時(shí)起了誤導(dǎo)作用?？梢?what39。s even worse 來(lái)替換。 ] （ 提示 ： 兩句話之間沒有連詞，只用一個(gè)逗號(hào)連接，是病句。該句應(yīng)在 I39。ll 前加 but。 ） 3. I have a lot of good friends in the school. We were very close to each other. One of them cried sadly when we left school last summer. 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 _________ 第二節(jié) 連詞錯(cuò)誤 （ 4－ 3） （ 提示 ： 我們?cè)谧鰰姹磉_(dá)題時(shí)，應(yīng)有效使用語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，上下文連貫。顯然這是個(gè)較高層次的要求，但它對(duì)增強(qiáng)文章邏輯性、可讀性、交際性很有好處，不少學(xué)生寫出來(lái)的短文雖然單個(gè)句子語(yǔ)法正確，但語(yǔ)句間缺少照應(yīng)和過(guò)渡。上面這個(gè)句子最好能在 one of them… 前加上 That‘ s why，這樣可以說(shuō)明上下文的因果關(guān)系。下面還有幾句。 ) 4. In the evening I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What39。s more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about the new arrangement of thee things. 5. We have some activities in our school, like English Festival, SBA, that is Students’ Basketball Association. 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 _________ 第二節(jié) 連詞錯(cuò)誤 （ 4－ 4） （ 提示 ： 以上是 2023年高考書面表達(dá)題參考答案，如果去掉劃線部分的過(guò)渡性連接用詞，文章可能不會(huì)準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者的特定心理。 ） （ 提示 ： 同樣， SBA需要一個(gè)句子來(lái)說(shuō)明。 ） 幾乎每個(gè)句子都會(huì)有名詞，在使用名詞時(shí)，我們常犯的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)有以下幾種：①單復(fù)數(shù)及主謂一致問題；②同義、近義詞誤用；③按中國(guó)意思來(lái)修飾或表達(dá)。 2. The pany will make a lot of things such as puters, machine robots. 1. I hope that I can bee a member of Chinese country team. 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤 _________ 第三節(jié) 名詞錯(cuò)誤（ 3－ 1） （ 提示 ： country 應(yīng)改為 national。 country, state, nation應(yīng)該區(qū)別清楚的。 ） （ 提示 ： robot 就是“機(jī)器人”的意思了。 ） 第三節(jié) 名詞錯(cuò)誤 3. I used to visit his house to spend the weekends together. （ 提示 ： 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)只與主語(yǔ)一致，而與介詞短語(yǔ) [如這里的 as well as]沒有關(guān)系。故此處的 take應(yīng)與 he的數(shù)保持一致。常常會(huì)有同學(xué)因?yàn)橹髦^間隔過(guò)長(zhǎng)而迷失判斷方向 。 ）