【正文】 l Management Training Document采購 (Purchasing)– 是工業(yè)和管理中用到的術(shù)語，代表獲取 物料、供應(yīng)和服務(wù) 的功能和職責(zé) . (The term used in Industry and Management to denote the function of and the responsibility for procuring materials,supplies and services.)56SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document采購業(yè)務(wù)周期 (Procurement Cycle)確定需求(DetermineRequirements)MM物料管理 .確定供應(yīng)資源(DetermineSourceofSupply)選擇供應(yīng)商(SelectVendor)處理采購憑證ProcessPODoc.監(jiān)控采購憑證MonitorPODoc.收貨及管理庫存ReceicesGoodsManageInventory校驗發(fā)票(VerifyInvoice)MRP物料需求計劃 57SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document必須為采購活動分配相應(yīng)人員(Staff must be assigned for handling procurement activities)工廠 1 工廠 2 工廠 3采購組織 A采購組 1 采購組 2 采購組 3Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 58SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document支持不同的采購憑證類型 .(Various types of purchasing documents are supported)? 采購請求 (Purchasie Requisition)? 詢價 (RFQ:Request for Quotation)? 報價 (Quotation)? 采購訂單 (Purchase Order)? 合同 (Contract)? 供應(yīng)商計劃協(xié)議 (Vendor Scheduling Agreement)? 發(fā)票 (Invoice)59SAP –MM : Material Management Training DocumentSAP 采購目的 :(SAP purchasing can be used for procurement of:)? 原材料 (Raw Materials)? 備件 (Spare Parts)? 半成品 (Semifinished Products)? 服務(wù) (Services)? 資產(chǎn) (Assets)60SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document采購憑證的結(jié)構(gòu)(Structure of a Purchasing document)憑證抬頭 (Document Header)一般文本 (GeneralText)抬頭數(shù)據(jù) (Header Data) 項目數(shù)據(jù) (Item Data)項目 1文本價格數(shù)據(jù)項目 2項目 3 (Item)?Logistics?Materials management?Purchasing?Purchase order… (ME21/22/23)61SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document便利的手工數(shù)據(jù)輸入 (Facilities for Manual Data Entry)? 直接創(chuàng)建 (Create Directly)? 帶參考的創(chuàng)建 (Create with Reference)62SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document輸出和打印 (Output Printing)EDI電子數(shù)據(jù)交換電子數(shù)據(jù)交換? 憑證 (Document)?報價 (Quotations)?采購訂單 (Purchase Order?? Delivery Instruction?框架協(xié)議 (Outline Agreement)?借項憑證和貸項憑證 (Credit and Debit Memos)電報電報打印輸出打印輸出郵件郵件傳真?zhèn)髡?3SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document采購申請(Purchase Requisition)64SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document采購請求處理過程MRP直接輸入 (DirectInput)供應(yīng)商 (Vendor)過程 (ReleaseProcedure)框架協(xié)議 (OutlineAgreement)建立采購請求確定供應(yīng)資源批準分配并處理建立采購請求 (CreatePR)確定供應(yīng)資源 (DetermineSourceofSupply)批準 (Release)分配并處理 (AllocateandProcess)(Process Purchase Requisition)65SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document會計科目分配(Account Assignment)不參考會計科目類別 (W/OAccountCatagory )物料 (Material)自動分配會計科目(從主數(shù)據(jù)中取得 )AutomaticAccountAssignment(TakenfromMasterRecord)會計科目分配 (AccountAssignment)存貨會計科目 (StockAccoutn)耗用會計科目資產(chǎn)會計科目等等 .(ConsumptionAccount,AssetAccount,etc)手工分配會計科目(ManualAccountAssignment)輸入會計科目類別(EnterAccountCatalogy)參考會計科目類別 (WithAccountCatagory)66SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document會計科目類別(Account Catagory)A:資產(chǎn) (Asset)C:銷售訂單(Sales Order)F:生產(chǎn)訂單(Production Order)K:成本中心(Cost Center)P:項目 (Project)U:未知的會計科目分配 (Unknown Account Assignment)…Account assignment category:Key specifying whether accounting for an item is to be effected via anauxiliary account (for example a cost center).Use:The account assignment category determines which account assignment data(for example, cost center, account number etc.) are necessary for the item.(用來確定相應(yīng) Item應(yīng)歸屬于哪個會計科目 )67SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document手工建立一個采購請求 PR( Create a PR Manually, Tcode:ME51/52/53 Table:EBAN)維護屏幕中的所有數(shù)據(jù) (MaintainItemDtaonOverviewSCreen)如果需要，維護會計科目分配 (MaintainAcctountAssignmentIfRequired)檢查數(shù)據(jù) (CheckData)完成初始化屏幕CompleteInitialScreen保存(Save)68SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document下達 /批準采購請求(Release/Approve Purchase Requisition)69SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document采購請求的批準(Approval for Purchase Requisition Tcode:ME54:Release PR, MD04)? SAP 允許在線批準采購請求（ PR)? 僅僅批準的采購請求可以轉(zhuǎn)化為采購訂單? 采購訂單的批準70SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document批準過程 (Release Procedure)批準條件(Release Conditions)價值 (Value)物料組 (MaterialGroup)會計科目分配類別(AccountAssignmentCategory)工廠 (Plant)批準標志(Release Indicator)訂單的批準 /凍結(jié)(Release/BlockforOrder)采購請求的批準 /凍結(jié)(Release/BlockforRFQ)批準策略 (Release Strategy)批準點的數(shù)量 (NumberofRel.Points)批準點的順序 (SequenceofRel.Points)批準標志 (ReleaseIndicator)71SAP –MM : Material Management Training Document演講完畢，謝謝觀看！