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t Dose Measurement in Diagnostic Radiology, IPSM and NRPB, 1992. 2. Nicholas Theocharopoulos, Kostas Perisinakis, and John Damilakisa. Comparison of four methods for assessing patient effective dose from radiological examinations. Med. Phys. 29 (9), September 2002. 3. B Grosswendt. Dependence of the photon backscatter factor for water on sourcetophantom distance and irradiation field size. Phys. Med. Biol., 1990, Vol. 35,No 9. Rannikko, I Ermakov, J S Lampinen, M Toivonen, K T Karila, A chervjakov. Computing patient doses of Xray examinations using a patient. The British Journal of Radiology,70,1997. Guidelines on Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images, European Commission, 1996. Thanks For Your Attention! ESD Gy Area cm2 DAP Gy cm2 BSF Relation Between DAP and ESD Backscatter Factor Ka Backscatter Factor (Measure) TLD Water phantom Ion chamber Backscatter Factor (Calculation) ? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ???????0)0(0)()0()(/////dEEEdEddEEEdEddEdBwenwenwww???????20cm 33cm d a E: 10~280 kV a: 10~100 cm d: 1~20 cm Phys. Med. Biol., 1990, Vol. 35, No 9, B Grosswendt Backscatter Factor