【正文】 3% 11% Intel 2507% 22% 55% If you look at other industries – the answer to the question of whether supply chain management makes a difference is a resounding YES! One measure of supply chain performance is gross margin return on inventory or GMROI. Research shows that panies that have increased their gross margin return on inventory (which translates to profit margin divided by inventory holdings) have had a significantly higher level of return on assets – which in turn results in a significant improvement in terms of their stock market returns…the message here is clear – improved management of the supply chain is rewarded by the stock markets. GMROI = Achieved Gross Margin Avg. Inventory Investment Supply Chain Management 需求 /供應(yīng)管理的影響 供應(yīng)鏈管理是否會使情況有所不同？答案是絕對肯定的。供應(yīng)鏈表現(xiàn)的一個(gè)指標(biāo)是庫存總利潤回報(bào) (Gross Margin Return on Inventory or GMROI)。研究顯示庫存利潤回報(bào)率 (用利潤除以持有的庫存數(shù) )增加的公司具有相當(dāng)高的資產(chǎn)回報(bào) (Return On Assets or ROA)—因而導(dǎo)致他們的股市的回報(bào)大幅度地提高。在這里要表達(dá)的信息很明顯 —股市會回報(bào)改進(jìn)了的供應(yīng)鏈管理。 GMROI ROA 五年累計(jì)市場回報(bào) Circuit City 162% 4% 33% Best Buy 208% 8% 1025% Kmart 109% 2% 62% WalMart 199% 8% 284% Daimler Chrysler 172% 7% 47% Toyota Motor 228% 12% 26% Motorola 432% 3% 11% Intel 2507% 22% 55% GMROI = 獲得的總利潤 平均庫存投資 Supply Chain Management Glitches Are Costly The converse is also true – a poorly performing supply chain will be punished by the stock market. A recent study of supply chain ―glitches‖ revealed that this was the case. The majority of supply chain glitches occur due to lack of alignment between demand planning and supply planning, which results in too much or not enough inventory, or too much/not enough capacity. Supply Chain Management 小故障 (Glitches)的代價(jià)昂貴 如果說股市會回報(bào)改進(jìn)的供應(yīng)鏈管理，相反的情形也是成立的 —表現(xiàn)糟糕的供應(yīng)鏈表現(xiàn)會被股市懲罰。最近的供應(yīng)鏈研究顯示這是事實(shí)。大部分的供應(yīng)鏈由于在規(guī)劃和供應(yīng)計(jì)劃之間缺乏一致性，導(dǎo)致庫存過多，存貨不足或者生產(chǎn)能力過剩 /不足。 Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Challenges Exercise List what you think are the top five challenges that your pany faces in improving supply chain performance. Supply Chain Management 供應(yīng)鏈挑戰(zhàn)的練習(xí) 列出你認(rèn)為你的公司面臨的供應(yīng)鏈績效的 5個(gè)最大挑戰(zhàn)。 Supply Chain Management Top Barriers to Supply Chain Performance Let‘s pare your responses to those of senior executives who responded to the same question of the biggest supply chain challenges facing them. Our recent research of key problems and challenges facing executives show that most executives agree on the challenges faced in implementing integrated supply chain. In the focus groups with over 50 executives conducted by Dr. Robert Handfield, executives were asked them what the major problems and challenges were that they faced in their supply chain initiatives. Supply Chain Management 供應(yīng)鏈績效的最大障礙 讓我們來比較一下你的答案與那些資深高級主管的答案。我們最近對高級主管們所面對的主要問題和挑戰(zhàn)的研究表明大多數(shù)高級主管同意，實(shí)施集成供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)且淮筇魬?zhàn)。由我們做的有 50多位高級主管參與的重點(diǎn)小組調(diào)查中，主管們對在供應(yīng)鏈管理中所遇到的最大問題和挑戰(zhàn)是什么做出了回答。 Supply Chain Management Top Barriers to Supply Chain Performance Continued Number 1 on this list was relationship management – the ability to maintain a positive cooperative approach when faced by an economic downturn. Every single executive we met with concurred that managing supply chain relationships and building trust was something that was a barrier to improved performance. One representative ment from a VP of Global Procurement was as follows: I am currently focused on building a Supply Chain which is geographically located with the supply base. This is a huge advantage as Value Chains can not overe the time zone same day impact. The core advantages of key supplier relationship management are also local and can not be overe by distance. If we can automate human behavior in these management systems the value chain will really gain speed. Supply Chain Management 供應(yīng)鏈表現(xiàn)的最大障礙 續(xù) 在表中列在第一位的是人際關(guān)系管理，即在經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣時(shí)維持一種積極合作關(guān)系的能力。每一位我們訪問的高級主管都承認(rèn)對供應(yīng)鏈中各種關(guān)系的處理和建立信任是提高供應(yīng)鏈表現(xiàn)水平的關(guān)鍵。 下面是一家全球采購公司總裁的很有代表性的一段評論：“我現(xiàn)在專注于建立一個(gè)在地理位置上與供應(yīng)基地很靠近的供應(yīng)鏈。這是很大的優(yōu)勢因?yàn)閮r(jià)值鏈不能克服時(shí)區(qū)的局限 —當(dāng)日效應(yīng)。與主要供應(yīng)商關(guān)系管理的核心優(yōu)勢在于本地化，距離帶來的不便很難被克服。如果我們能在這些管理系統(tǒng)中把這些人為行為自動化，價(jià)值鏈真的會很快地增長?！? Supply Chain Management Other Barriers to Supply Chain Performance Some additional barriers identified in the Handfield/Giunipero study were: Other problems involved creating a customer focus in supply chains where people are often in a ―silo‖ mentality. People may try to optimize their individual function, but fet about the impact on other functions, or worse, the impact on the customer. Creating a customerfocused supply chain remains a challenge. How do we capture end user requirements and build these into our supply chain footprint? Supply Chain Management 其他影響供應(yīng)鏈表現(xiàn)的其它障礙 在 Handfield/Giunipero的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的其他障礙有： 在試圖建立一個(gè)以客戶為中心的供應(yīng)鏈時(shí)，人們卻經(jīng)常處在屏蔽的心理狀態(tài)。人們可能會盡可能的優(yōu)化個(gè)人做業(yè)，而忽略了對其他部門的影響，或者更糟糕的是，忽略了對客戶的影響。創(chuàng)造一個(gè)以客戶為中心的供應(yīng)鏈仍然是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，我們怎樣才能獲得最終用戶的需求信息，然后把它們結(jié)合到我們供應(yīng)鏈的步驟之中呢？ Supply Chain Management Skills In Demand For Supply Chain Managers A survey of 54 executives conducted in 2023(CAPS Project, Handfield and Giunipero, 2023) reveals that the top Skills In Demand For Supply Chain Managers will include: ? Ethical behavior in dealing with suppliers and customers. ? Effective negotiation skills. ? Ability to make good decisions faced with uncertainty. ? Effective interpersonal munication – the ability to convince people of the need for improvement. ? Good mon sense. ? Assessing the potential for uhical situations. ? Decisionmaking and problem solving ? Influencing people and persuading them to adopt a broader supply chain perspective ? Resolution of conflicts between supply chain participants ? Problem solving skills. Supply Chain Management 供應(yīng)鏈經(jīng)理需要的技能 在 2023年所做的與 54位高級主管的調(diào)查 (CAPS Project, Handfield and Giunipero, 2023)還揭示物流經(jīng)理所需的最重要的技能包括： ? 在與供應(yīng)商和客戶打交道時(shí)的符合道德的行為 ? 很有效的協(xié)商技巧 ? 面對不確定的情形有能力做出正確的決策 ? 良好的與人溝通能力 —能說服別人，產(chǎn)生對改進(jìn)的需要 ? 通情達(dá)理 ? 對潛在的不道德情形的評價(jià)能力 ? 決策能力和解決問題的能力 ? 影響、說服別人采納更寬闊的供應(yīng)鏈視野的能力