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cial options C. Foreign exchange D. Swaps 15 169。 2023 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Risk Management PrincipalAgent Problem Traders have incentives to take big risks Risk Management Controls 1. Separation of front and back rooms 2. Valueatrisk modeling 3. Stress testing Regulators encouraging banks to pay more attention to risk management 16 169。 2023 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Financial Innovation Innovation is result of search for profits Response to Changes in Demand Major change is huge increase in interestrate risk starting in 1960s Example: Adjustablerate mortgages Response to Changes in Supply Major change is improvement in puter technology 1. Increases ability to collect information 2. Lowers transactions costs Examples: 1. Bank credit cards 2. Electronic banking facilities 17 169。 2023 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Avoidance of Existing Regulations Regulations Behind Financial Innovation 1. Reserve requirements Tax on deposits = i ? rD 2. Depositrate ceilings As i ?, loophole mine to escape reserve requirement tax and depositrate ceilings Examples: 1. Eurodollars 2. Bank Commercial Paper 3. Sweep Accounts and Overnight RPs 4. Money Market Mutual Funds 18 169。 2023 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 謝謝觀看 /歡迎下載 BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES. BY FAITH I BY FAITH