【正文】 has been a source of major concern. B) Explosive population growth has major implications for business.C) A growing population does not mean growing markets unless these markets have sufficient purchasing power.Population Age Mix A) National populations vary in their age mix.B) There is a global trend toward an aging population.C) A population can be subdivided into six age groups:1) Preschool2) Schoolage children3) Teens4) Young adults age 25 to 405) Middleaged adults age 40 to 656) Older adults ages 65 and upD) For marketers, the most populous age groups shape the marketing environment.Ethnic and Other Markets Countries vary in ethnic and racial makeup. A) A frequently noted megatrend, the increase in the percentage of Hispanics in the total population, represents a major shift in the nation’s center of gravity.B) Ethnic groups have certain specific wants and buying habits.C) Marketers must be careful not to overgeneralize about ethnic groups.D) Within each ethnic group are consumers who are quite different from each other.E) Diversity goes beyond ethnic and racial markets.1) More than 50 million Americans have disabilities and they constitute a market for home delivery products.Educational GroupsA) The population in any society falls into five educational groups:1) Illiterates. 2) High school dropouts.3) High school degrees.4) College degrees.5) Professional degrees. Household PatternsA) The “traditional household” consists of a husband, wife, and children (sometimes grandparents).B) In the United States today, one out of eight households is diverse” or “nontraditional” and includes:1) Single livealones.2) Adult livetogethers of one or both sexes.3) Singleparent families.4) Childless married couples.5) Emptynesters.C) Each group has a distinctive set of needs and buying habits.D) Marketers must increasingly consider the special needs of nontraditional households, because they are now growing more rapidly than traditional householdsE) Single does not necessarily mean “alone,” “friends are the new family.”F) “Neo tribes” of twentysomethings living munally.G) This emphasis on friendship can influence marketers in everything from whom they target to how they craft their marketing messages.H) The gay market is a particularly lucrative segment. Geographical Shifts in Population This is a period of great migratory movements between and within countries. Forwardlooking panies and entrepreneurs are taking advantage of the growth in immigrant populations and marketing wares specifically to these new members of the population.A) Within countries, population movement occurs as people migrate from rural to urban areas, and then to suburban areas.B) Location makes a difference in goods and service preferences.C) There are also regional differences.D) Suburban growth and a disdain for muting has helped those business that cater to the growing SOHO (small officehome office) segment.E) Marketers also look at where consumers are flocking.OTHER MAJOR MACROENVIRONMENTS Other macroenvironment forces profoundly affect the fortunes of marketers.Economic EnvironmentA) Markets require purchasing power as well as people. B) The available purchasing power in an economy depends upon:1) Current ine.2) Prices.3) Savings.4) Debt.5) Credit availability.C) Marketers must pay careful attention to trends affecting purchasing power because they can have a strong impact on business, especially for panies whose products are geared to highine and pricesensitive consumers. Ine DistributionA) There are four types of industrial structures:1) Subsistence economies.2) Raw material exporting economies.3) Industrializing economies.4) Industrial economies.B) In a global economy, marketers need to pay attention to the shifting ine distribution in countries around the world, particularly in countries where affluence levels are rising.C) Marketers often distinguish countries with five different inedistribution patterns:1) Very low ines.2) Mostly low ines.3) Very low, very high ines.4) Low, medium, high ines.5) Mostly medium ines.D) Over the past three decades in the United States, the rich have grown richer, the middle class has shrunk, and the poor have remained poor. Review Key Definitions here: subsistence economies, raw material exporting economies, industrializing economies, industrial economiesSavings, Debt, and Credit Availability A) Consumer expenditures are affected by:1) Savings.2) Debt.3) Credit availability.Outsourcing and Free TradeA) An economic issue of increasing importance is the migration of manufacturers and service jobs offshore.B) Outsourcing is seen as a petitive necessity by many firms, but as a cause of unemployment by many domestic workers.SocialCultural Environment Purchasing power is directed toward certain goods and services and away from others according to people’s tastes and preferences.A) Society shapes the beliefs, values, and norms that largely define these tastes and preferences. B) People absorb a worldview that defines their relationships to themselves, others, organizations, society, nature, and to the universe.1) Views of themselves, people vary in the relative emphasis they place on selfgratification.2) View of others, people are concerned about the homeless, crime and victims, and other social problems.3) Views of organizations, people vary in their attitudes toward corporations, government agencies, trade unions, and other organizations.4) Views of society, people vary in their attitudes toward their society.5) View of nature, people vary in their attitudes toward nature.6) View of the universe, people vary in their beliefs about the origin of the universe and their place in it.C) Every trend seems to breed a countertrend.D) Here are some other cultural characteristics of