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itary and police, and the bureaucracy. Ministers or other officials head a country39。s public offices, such as a foreign ministry or interior ministry. The election of a different executive is therefore capable of revolutionising an entire country39。s approach to government. representatives of each country39。s executive branch. G8:八國(guó)集團(tuán),由美國(guó)、英國(guó)、法國(guó)、德國(guó)、意大利、加拿大、日本和俄羅斯八國(guó)組成。 The United Nations39。 New York headquarters houses civil servants that serve its 192 member states. Legal Profession ? A corollary of the rule of law is the existence of a legal profession sufficiently autonomous to be able to invoke the authority of the independent judiciary。 the right to assistance of an advocate in a court — in England the function of barrister or advocate is distinguished from legal counselor (solicitor). As the European Court of Human Rights has stated, the law should be adequately accessible to everyone and people should be able to foresee how the law affects order to maintain professionalism, the practice of law is typically overseen by either a government or independent regulating body such as a bar association, bar council or law society. Modern lawyers achieve distinct professional identity through specified legal procedures (. successfully passing a qualifying examination), are required by law to have a special qualification (a legal education earning the student a Bachelor of Laws, a Bachelor of Civil Law or a Juris Doctor degree), and are constituted in office by legal forms of appointment (being admitted to the bar). In China and other developing countries there are not enough lawtrained people to staff the existing judicial systems, and, accordingly, formal standards are more relaxed. ? Once accredited, a lawyer will often work in a law firm, in a chambers as a sole practitioner, in a government post or in a private corporation as an internal counsel. In addition a lawyer may bee a legal researcher who provides ondemand legal research through a library, a mercial service or through freelance work. Many people trained in law put their skills to use outside the legal field entirely. Significant to the practice of law in the mon law tradition is the legal research to determine the current state of the law. This usually entails exploring caselaw reports, legal periodicals and legislation. Law practice also involves drafting documents such as court pleadings,contracts, or wills and trusts. Negotiation and dispute resolution skills (including ADR techniques) are also important to legal practice, depending on the field.