【正文】 完成了， 這意味著大學(xué)生活即將結(jié)束。在設(shè)計(jì)中，湯老師就給我們明確了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)和畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的安排；并提供了些參考資料，讓我們明確了設(shè)計(jì)的方向及設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)注意的一些細(xì)節(jié)，并給我們分析了課題，使我們更了解本課題的意義與目的。正是在老師的幫助下，我們?cè)诔浞至私庠O(shè)計(jì)要求的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)課題做出了更好的完善，得以順利地完成本次對(duì)大學(xué)三年所學(xué)有總結(jié)性質(zhì)的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)?！　　⊥瑫r(shí)也感謝幫助過(guò)我的其他老師們，感謝你們一直以來(lái)對(duì)我們的信任與幫助，以及感謝同組的同學(xué)的鼓勵(lì)與幫助，沒有她們的幫助和提供資料，對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)，想要在短短的時(shí)間里要完成畢業(yè)論文時(shí)幾乎不可能的事情，感謝學(xué)校給予我們這次畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)會(huì)，它讓我學(xué)到了許多課本上學(xué)部到得東西，同時(shí)也鍛煉了我們各方面的能力，給我們大學(xué)生活留下美好的回憶。最后，我真誠(chéng)的向我尊敬的老師和同學(xué)表示最誠(chéng)摯的謝意！　　　8 重要單片機(jī)中英文文章　　　　　早期的單片機(jī)都是8位或4位的。其中最成功的是INTEL的8031，因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)單可靠而性能不錯(cuò)獲得了很大的好評(píng)。此后在8031上發(fā)展出了MCS51系列單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)。基于這一系統(tǒng)的單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)直到現(xiàn)在還在廣泛使用。隨著工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域要求的提高，開始出現(xiàn)了16位單片機(jī)，但因?yàn)樾詢r(jià)比不理想并未得到很廣泛的應(yīng)用。90年代后隨著消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品大發(fā)展，單片機(jī)技術(shù)得到了巨大提高。隨著INTEL i960系列特別是后來(lái)的ARM系列的廣泛應(yīng)用，32位單片機(jī)迅速取代16位單片機(jī)的高端地位，并且進(jìn)入主流市場(chǎng)。而傳統(tǒng)的8位單片機(jī)的性能也得到了飛速提高，處理能力比起80年代提高了數(shù)百倍。目前，高端的32位單片機(jī)主頻已經(jīng)超過(guò)300MHz，性能直追90年代中期的專用處理器，而普通的型號(hào)出廠價(jià)格跌落至1美元，最高端[1]的型號(hào)也只有10美元。當(dāng)代單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)不再只在裸機(jī)環(huán)境下開發(fā)和使用，大量專用的嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)被廣泛應(yīng)用在全系列的單片機(jī)上。而在作為掌上電腦和手機(jī)核心處理的高端單片機(jī)甚至可以直接使用專用的Windows和Linux操作系統(tǒng)。 　單片機(jī)比專用處理器更適合應(yīng)用于嵌入式系統(tǒng)，因此它得到了最多的應(yīng)用。事實(shí)上單片機(jī)是世界上數(shù)量最多的計(jì)算機(jī)?，F(xiàn)代人類生活中所用的幾乎每件電子和機(jī)械產(chǎn)品中都會(huì)集成有單片機(jī)。手機(jī)、電話、計(jì)算器、家用電器、電子玩具、掌上電腦以及鼠標(biāo)等電腦配件中都配有12部單片機(jī)。而個(gè)人電腦中也會(huì)有為數(shù)不少的單片機(jī)在工作。汽車上一般配備40多部單片機(jī)，復(fù)雜的工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)上甚至可能有數(shù)百臺(tái)單片機(jī)在同時(shí)工作。單片機(jī)的數(shù)量不僅遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)PC機(jī)和其他計(jì)算的總和，甚至比人類的數(shù)量還要多。 　單片機(jī)又稱單片微控制器,它不是完成某一個(gè)邏輯功能的芯片,而是把一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)集成到一個(gè)芯片上。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)微型的計(jì)算機(jī)，和計(jì)算機(jī)相比，單片機(jī)只缺少了I/O設(shè)備。概括的講：一塊芯片就成了一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。它的體積小、質(zhì)量輕、價(jià)格便宜、為學(xué)習(xí)、應(yīng)用和開發(fā)提供了便利條件。同時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)使用單片機(jī)是了解計(jì)算機(jī)原理與結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳選擇。 　　單片機(jī)內(nèi)部也用和電腦功能類似的模塊，比如CPU，內(nèi)存，并行總線，還有和硬盤作用相同的存儲(chǔ)器件，不同的是它的這些部件性能都相對(duì)我們的家用電腦弱很多，不過(guò)價(jià)錢也是低的，一般不超過(guò)10元即可......用它來(lái)做一些控制電器一類不是很復(fù)雜的工作足矣了。我們現(xiàn)在用的全自動(dòng)滾筒洗衣機(jī)、排煙罩、VCD等等的家電里面都可以看到它的身影。......它主要是作為控制部分的核心部件。 　　　它是一種在線式實(shí)時(shí)控制計(jì)算機(jī)，在線式就是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制，需要的是有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力，較低的成本，這也是和離線式計(jì)算機(jī)的（比如家用PC）的主要區(qū)別。 　　　Are 8bit microcontroller early or 4 bits. One of the most successful is the INTEL 8031, for a simple, reliable and good performance was a lot of praise. Then developed in 8031 out of MCS51 MCU Systems. SCM systems based on this system until now is still widely used. With the increased requirements of industrial control field, began a 16bit microcontroller, because the cost is not satisfactory but have not been very widely used. After 90 years with the great development of consumer electronics, microcontroller technology has been a huge increase. With INTEL i960 series, especially the later series of widely used ARM, 32bit microcontroller quickly replace highend 16bit MCU status and enter the mainstream market. The traditional 8bit microcontroller performance have been the rapid increase capacity increase pared to 80 the number of times. Currently, highend 32bit microcontroller clocked over 300MHz, the performance catching the mid9039。s dedicated processor, while the average model prices fall to one . dollars, the most highend [1] model only 10 dollars. Modern SCM systems are no longer only in the development and use of bare metal environment, a large number of proprietary embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of SCM. The handheld puters and cell phones as the core processing of highend microcontroller can even use a dedicated Windows and Linux operating systems.　SCM is more suitable than the specific processor used in embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of SCM is the world39。s largest puter. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will be integrated single chip. Phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld puters and puter accessories such as a mouse with a 12 in both the Department of SCM. Personal puter will have a large number of SCM in the work. General car with more than 40 SCM, plex industrial control systems may even have hundreds of SCM in the same time work! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other puting the sum, or even more than the number of human beings　Single chip, also known as singlechip microcontroller, it is not plete a certain logic chips, but to a puter system integrated into a chip. Equivalent to a microputer, and puter than just the lack of a microcontroller I / O devices. General talk: a chip bees a puter. Its small size, light weight, cheap, for the study, application and development of facilities provided. At the same time, learning to use the MCU is to understand the principle and structure of the puter the best choice.
　SCM and the puter functions internally with similar modules, such as CPU, memory, parallel bus, the same effect as well, and hard disk memory devices, and different is its performance of these ponents were relatively weak many of our home puter, but the price is low , usually not more than 10 yuan you can do with it ...... some control for a class is not very plicated electrical work is enough of. We are using automatic drum washing machine, smoke hood, VCD and so on appliances which could see its shadow! ...... It is primarily as a control section of the core ponents　　　It is an online realtime control puter, controlline is that the scene is needed is a stronger antijamming ability, low cost, and this is, and offline puter (such as home PC), the main difference.　　　　　　9 參考文獻(xiàn)　　　[1] 徐軍．單片機(jī)技術(shù)項(xiàng)目化[M]．北京：電子工業(yè)出版社，2009　[2] 王靜霞．單片機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)[M]． 北京：電子工業(yè)出版社，2009 　　　[3] [M]．北京：清電子工業(yè)出版社，2003 　[4] [M]．杭州：浙江大學(xué)出版社，2006 　[5] 吳明亮. 可編程控制器實(shí)訓(xùn)教程[M]．北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2009　　　[6][M]．北京：北京郵電大學(xué)出版社，2003 　　[7] 鄧星鐘．機(jī)電傳動(dòng)控制[M]．第三版．武漢：華中科技大學(xué)出版社，2001　[8] 范立南，謝子殿．單片機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用教程[M]．北京：北京出版社，2006　[9] 張訓(xùn)文．機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用[M]．北京：北京理工大學(xué)出版社，2006 　　　[10] 郝建國(guó)．單片機(jī)在電子電路設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用[M]．北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2006 　[11] 秦曾煌．電工學(xué)．下冊(cè)，電子技術(shù)[M]．第六版．北京：高等教育出版社，2004： 　　　[12] 徐瑋，徐富軍，沈建良．C51單片機(jī)高效入門[M]．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2007