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關(guān)系詞二合一1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)但這兩句句子已經(jīng)不是定語從句了,是名詞性從句。因為定語從句一定要有先行詞,而名詞性從句沒有。將“Whoever”、“what”分別用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定語從句,先行詞分別是“Anyone”、“all”。(九)as,which引導的非限定性定語從句由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個主句,相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to one39。s health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例題1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he答案C. 此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成為句子,兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定語從句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A. that B. which C. as D. it答案B.as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時,這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點:(1) as 引導的定語從句可置于句首,而which不可。(2) as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時,從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞,則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中,prevent由于是行為動詞,所以正確選項應為B。As 的用法例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。I have got into the same trouble as he (has).例2. as可引導非限制性從句,常帶有39。正如39。As we know, smoking is harmful to one39。s health.As is known, smoking is harmful to one39。s health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中,它充當從句的主語,謂語動詞know要用被動式。一、“as / which” 特殊定語從句的先行成分1. 形容詞或形容詞短語作先行成分, 具有形容詞意義的介詞短語也可以充當先行成分,如:My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.在一定的語言環(huán)境里,有些名詞可以具有形容詞的性質(zhì)。這些名詞主要是那些表示人的身份、職業(yè)、狀態(tài)的名詞。值得一提的是,在這些具有形容詞性質(zhì)的名詞之后,引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不能用who / whom.2. 動詞短語先行成分這種動詞短語既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是動態(tài)動詞短語,它們在從句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代動詞do和as / which一起代替。do可以出現(xiàn),也可以不出現(xiàn),但不能用其它動詞代替。注:what不屬于關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞,常用于賓語從句。