【正文】 評(píng)估依表7區(qū)分b) 在承受主拉應(yīng)力的銲道兩端，B類和C類瑕疵之位置距離銲道之兩端不得小于2L。（L是瑕疵長(zhǎng)度）c) 厚薄板對(duì)接時(shí)，t取較薄之板厚。3) 靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與承受壓應(yīng)力之動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)全滲透翼板與腹板(webtoflange)接合銲道，除了電熱熔渣銲接或電熱氣體銲接之銲道采用斜平行掃描之情行以外，評(píng)估時(shí)依腹板(web)實(shí)際厚度增加25mm，再依表6評(píng)估。表6：靜態(tài)負(fù)荷結(jié)構(gòu)之瑕疵分類瑕疵分類銲道厚度t(mm)和換能器角度8t≦2020t≦3838t≦6565t≦100100t≦20070176。70176。70176。60176。45176。70176。60176。45176。70176。60176。45176。A類+5及以下+2及以下2及以下+1及以下+3及以下5及以下2及以下0及以下7及以下4及以下1及以下B類+6+310+2+3+4+54310+1+265320+1C類+7+4+1+2+4+5+6+72至+2+1+2+3+44至+21至+2+2+3D類+8及以上+5及以上+3及以上+6及以上+8及以上+3及以上+3及以上+5及以上+3及以上+3及以上+4及以上表7 ：動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)荷結(jié)構(gòu)之瑕疵分類瑕疵分類銲道厚度t(mm)和換能器角度8t≦2020t≦3838t≦6565t≦100100t≦20070176。70176。70176。60176。45176。70176。60176。45176。70176。60176。45176。A類+10及以下+8及以下+4及以下+7及以下+9及以下+1及以下+4及以下+6及以下2及以下+1及以下+3及以下B類+11+9+5+6+8+9+10+11+2+3+5+6+7+810+2+3+4+5C類+12+10+7+8+10+11+12+13+4+5+7+8+9+10+1+2+4+5+6+7D類+13及以上+11及以上+9及以上12及以上14及以上+6及以上+9及以上11及以上+3及以上+6及以上+8及以上九、基準(zhǔn)1) 母材直束檢測(cè)：于母材直束檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)瑕疵時(shí)。2) 銲道斜束檢測(cè)：(1) 靜態(tài)負(fù)荷結(jié)構(gòu)之接受基準(zhǔn)依表8判定之。(2) 動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)荷結(jié)構(gòu)之接受基準(zhǔn)依表9判定之。表8 ：靜態(tài)負(fù)荷接受基準(zhǔn)瑕疵分類瑕疵許可長(zhǎng)度A類不許可B類20mmC類50mmD類均許可表9：動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)荷接受基準(zhǔn)瑕疵分類瑕 疵 許 可 長(zhǎng) 度A類不許可B類20mmC類銲道中央?yún)^(qū)域內(nèi)者50mm 銲道上方及下方區(qū)域內(nèi)者20mmD類均許可ANSI / AWS 放射線檢測(cè)之接受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Radiograph Examination Acceptance Standards一、瑕疵分類定義(依據(jù)AWS )：（1） 圓形瑕疵(rounded discontinuity)：在底片上之指示其最大長(zhǎng)度為寬度之3倍或以內(nèi)（有圓形、橢圓形、圓錐形或不規(guī)則形狀可帶尾巴）。（2） 長(zhǎng)形瑕疵(elongated discontinuity)：在底片上之指示其最大長(zhǎng)度與寬度之比大于3倍以上者。二、靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及管狀結(jié)構(gòu)接受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：依據(jù)AWS ，尚須符合下列接受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：（1） Elongated discontinuities exceeding the maximum size of Figure .長(zhǎng)形瑕疵不得超過圖八之允許最大尺寸。（2） Discontinuities closer than the minimum clearance allowance of Figure .瑕疵之間隔，不得短于圖八之允許值。1. Rounded discontinuities greater than a maximum of size of E/3, not to exceed 1/4 in. (6 mm). However, when the thickness is greater than 2 in. (50 mm), the maximum rounded indication may be 3/8 in. (10 mm). The minimum clearance of this type of discontinuity greater than or equal to 3 /32 in. (2 mm) to an acceptable elongated or rounded discontinuity or to an edge or end of an intersecting weld shall be three times the greatest dimension of the larger of the discontinuities being considered.圓形瑕疵不得超過E/3或6mm取小者，若板厚超過50mm，其圓形瑕疵尺寸10mm以內(nèi)為合格。若瑕疵大于或等于2mm者，其距另一個(gè)可接受的長(zhǎng)形或圓形瑕疵間之距離，或距離板邊，或距離相交銲道之最小距離必須大于3倍之較大瑕疵尺寸方可接受。2. Isolated discontinuities such as a cluster of rounded indications, having a sum of their greatest dimensions exceeding the maximum size single discontinuity permitted in Figure . The minimum clearance to another cluster or an elongated or rounded discontinuity or to an edge or end of an intersecting weld shall be three times the greatest dimension of the larger of the discontinuities being considered.單一群集瑕疵其所有瑕疵尺寸之總和不得超過圖八單一瑕疵之允許最大尺寸，其群集間距或距其他圓形，或長(zhǎng)形瑕疵，或距板邊，或距另一相交銲道之最小距離，必須大于3倍的較大瑕疵尺寸距離。3. The sum of individual discontinuities each having a greater dimension of less than 3/32 in. (2 mm) shall not exceed 2E/3 or 3/8 in. (10 mm), which ever is less, in any linear 1 in. (25 mm) of weld. This requirement is independent of (1), (2), and (3) above.在任何25 mm銲道內(nèi)，小于2 mm之單一瑕疵尺寸總和不超過2E/3或10 mm，取較小值，此項(xiàng)要求不屬于上列（1）（2）（3）項(xiàng)之范圍。4. Inline discontinuities, where the sum of the greatest dimensions exceeds E in any length of 6E. When the length of the weld being examined is less than 6E, the permissible sum of the greatest dimensions shall be proportionally less.在6倍銲道尺寸內(nèi)，成線排列之瑕疵尺寸之總和不得大于E，若檢測(cè)長(zhǎng)度不足6E時(shí)，其容許之瑕疵總和必須按比例遞減。注：以上E為銲道尺寸1. 依A值水平向右求B值，即得可容許之最大間斷尺寸。2. 依B值垂直向下求C值，即得間斷之最小間距尺寸。29B最大間斷尺寸Ａ銲道尺寸或有效喉深（mm）C沿著銲道縱軸方向所量測(cè)之氣孔或熔合型間斷(以相鄰間斷中較大者為主)之邊緣到板邊緣或到相交之銲道端面的最小間距(mm)( C = 3B = 2E )圖八 靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及管狀結(jié)構(gòu)銲道內(nèi)有長(zhǎng)形間斷時(shí)，銲道質(zhì)量要求(摘自AWS Figure )三、動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)接受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：依據(jù)AWS ，動(dòng)態(tài)荷重結(jié)構(gòu)之銲道放射線檢測(cè)，不得有裂痕以外，尚須符合下列接受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。（1） AWS ：For welds subject to tensile stress under any condition offloading, the greatest dimension of any porosity or fusion type discontinuity that is 1/16( mm) or larger in greatest dimension shall not exceed the size. B indicated in Figure for the weld size involved. The distance from any porosity or fusion type discontinuity described above to another such discontinuity, to an edge, or to the toe or root of any intersecting flangetoweb weld shall be not less than the minimum clearance allowed, C, indicated in Figure , for the size of discontinuity under examination.屬于拉應(yīng)力之銲道，任何氣孔或熔合形態(tài)瑕疵之最大尺寸為1/16( mm)或以上時(shí)，其瑕疵尺寸必須不能超過(圖九)所規(guī)定之對(duì)應(yīng)軸所列之尺寸B。其瑕疵與瑕疵間距、或 瑕疵與板邊、或瑕疵與翼板接腹板銲道根部間之距離不得小于(圖九)中對(duì)應(yīng)之C值。（2） AWS ：For welds subject to pressive stress only and specifically indicated as such on the design drawings, the greatest dimension of porosity or a fusion type discontinuity that is 1/8(3 mm) or larger in greatest dimension shall not exceed the size, B, nor shall the space between adjacent discontinuities be less than the minimum clearance allowed, C, indicated by Figure for the size of discontinuity under examination.僅承受壓應(yīng)力的銲道，任何氣孔或熔合形態(tài)瑕疵之最大尺寸為1/8(3 mm)或以上時(shí)，其瑕疵尺寸必須不能超過(圖十)所規(guī)定之對(duì)應(yīng)軸所列之尺寸B。相鄰瑕疵間距離不得小于(圖十)中相對(duì)應(yīng)之C值。（3） AWS ：Independent of the requirements of and , discontinuities having a greatest dimension of less than 1/16 ( mm) shall be unacceptable if the sum of their greatest dimensions exceeds 3/8(10 mm) in any linear inch of weld.雖然瑕疵最大尺寸小于1/16（ mm），但不管圖九及圖十之規(guī)定如何，若在銲道任何一吋范圍內(nèi)其最大尺寸總和超過3/8（10 mm）者視為不可接受。（4） AWS ：The limitations given by Figures and for 11/2(38 mm) weld size shall apply to all weld size greater than 11/2 thickness.銲道尺寸超過11/2（38 mm）者，均應(yīng)以圖九及圖十的38 mm為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。（5） AWS ：Appendix V illustrates the application of the requirements given in AWS .附錄V說明AWS 。，即得可容許之最大間斷尺寸。，即得間斷之最小間距尺寸。Α開槽銲道尺寸或填角銲道尺寸(mm)C沿銲道縱向量測(cè)氣孔或熔合間斷之間的最小間隔(mm)(以相鄰間斷之較大者為準(zhǔn))注：相鄰間斷之間距若小于C值，則視為單一間斷且其長(zhǎng)度為間斷總長(zhǎng)度加間隔長(zhǎng)度。圖九 間斷產(chǎn)生于拉應(yīng)力銲