【正文】
句的狀語(yǔ)?!倦y點(diǎn)揭秘】這個(gè)句子的復(fù)雜就在于同位語(yǔ)的復(fù)雜,同位語(yǔ)中有現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)帶上賓語(yǔ)從句,在賓語(yǔ)從句中又出現(xiàn)同位語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)中又出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)從句。這樣的句子雖然復(fù)雜但是還是從最簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)構(gòu)一步步搭建出來(lái)的。the Court supported the medical principle of double effect解釋什么叫double effect;“holding that+賓語(yǔ)從句”修飾 double effect;an action having two effects is permissible為賓語(yǔ)從句的主干;a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen 解釋什么是two effects;if the actor intends only the good effect 為狀語(yǔ)從句?!咀g文賞析】盡管最高法院已經(jīng)裁定出醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺行為并不受憲法的支持,但最高法院實(shí)際上支持了被稱為雙重效果的醫(yī)療原則;這個(gè)已有幾個(gè)世紀(jì)歷史的道德原則認(rèn)為一個(gè)行為可能會(huì)有兩個(gè)效果——— 一個(gè)想要達(dá)到的好的效果和一個(gè)已經(jīng)預(yù)見(jiàn)到的有害的效果。如果行為的實(shí)施者想要的只是要好的效果的話,這個(gè)行為是被允許的【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】對(duì)于同位語(yǔ)的處理我們還是采取了慣用的單獨(dú)成句的方法,也用到了破折號(hào)解釋的方法。25. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.【詞匯突破】reinforced 加強(qiáng) introduction 引入和制定 refereeing 推薦制度 journal 期刊【主干識(shí)別】The overall result has been to make entrance ;entrance to professional geological journals賓語(yǔ), harder for amateurs 賓補(bǔ).【其他成分】to professional geological journals定語(yǔ)修飾entrance;for amateurs狀語(yǔ);a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century作主語(yǔ)result的同位語(yǔ)?!疚⒂^解析】that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing 定語(yǔ)從句修飾a result, by the widespread introduction of refereeing ,為狀語(yǔ)by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century 為定語(yǔ)修飾introduction;【難點(diǎn)揭秘】同位語(yǔ)后面定語(yǔ)從句中狀語(yǔ)by和后面定語(yǔ)by的區(qū)別?!咀g文賞析】這樣一來(lái)總的結(jié)果便是業(yè)余愛(ài)好者想在專業(yè)地質(zhì)學(xué)期刊上發(fā)表文章就更難了,而被廣泛使用的論文評(píng)審?fù)扑]制度又進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了這一結(jié)果,該種制度先被19世紀(jì)的國(guó)家級(jí)刊物引入,后又在20世紀(jì),又被幾家地方級(jí)地質(zhì)學(xué)刊物所使用。 the same time, the American Law Institutea group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose remendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.【詞匯突破】institute 機(jī)構(gòu) substantial 實(shí)際的 bombard不斷攻擊。向...連續(xù)提出問(wèn)題 lengthy冗長(zhǎng)【主干識(shí)別】the American Law Institute issued new guidelines 【其他成分】a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose remendations carry substantial weight同位語(yǔ);for tort law定語(yǔ)修飾new guidelines;stating that panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones 定語(yǔ)修飾new guidelines。【微觀解析】panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones;動(dòng)詞為warn 和bombard并列。 warn sb of sth 。 bombard sb with sth.。 【難點(diǎn)揭秘】同位語(yǔ)有一個(gè)隔離現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生;stating+ that +句子其中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞;【譯文賞析】與此同時(shí),美國(guó)法律協(xié)會(huì),由一群法官、律師和專家學(xué)者組成的組織,他們的建議分量極重,發(fā)布了新的民事傷害法令指導(dǎo)方針,宣稱公司不必提醒顧客注意顯而易見(jiàn)的危險(xiǎn),也不必連篇累牘地一再提請(qǐng)他們注意一些可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)。27. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. 【詞匯突破】manipulation 操縱 detached 分離,如果表示態(tài)度則是表示中立,不關(guān)心的【主干識(shí)別】manipulation increased the numbers and importance of shareholders 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】Such large, impersonal,of capital and industry定語(yǔ)修飾manipulation;as a class 定語(yǔ)修飾shareholder;an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners ;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business整個(gè)是shareholder 的同位語(yǔ)?!疚⒂^解析】in national life,representing irresponsible wealth,detached from the land and the duties of the landowners,and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business都是定語(yǔ)修飾an element?!倦y點(diǎn)揭秘】同位語(yǔ)中的三個(gè)后置定語(yǔ)造成了閱讀的障礙。【譯文賞析】這樣巨大而非個(gè)人的對(duì)資金和產(chǎn)業(yè)的操縱極大地增加了股東的數(shù)量和他們作為一個(gè)階級(jí)的重要性,他們是國(guó)家生活中代表不負(fù)責(zé)任的財(cái)富的一個(gè)因素,這種財(cái)富不但遠(yuǎn)離了土地和土地?fù)碛姓叩呢?zé)任,而且?guī)缀跬瑯优c公司的負(fù)責(zé)任的管理毫無(wú)關(guān)系。 notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, ponents also critical to problem solving and life success.【詞匯突破】analytical 解析 verbal 文字的 ponents 成分【主干識(shí)別】Sternberg notes that+賓語(yǔ)從句【其他成分】traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge 賓語(yǔ)從句;并列的動(dòng)詞best assess 和 fail to measure;ponents also critical to problem solving and life success 為creativity and practical knowledge的同位語(yǔ); critical to problem solving and life success為形容詞短語(yǔ)修飾ponents。 【難點(diǎn)揭秘】同位語(yǔ)中加上了由形容詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)?shù)暮笾枚ㄕZ(yǔ)加大了閱讀難度。【譯文賞析】斯頓伯格指出傳統(tǒng)的測(cè)試能最好的評(píng)估出解析能力和語(yǔ)言能力而不能衡量一個(gè)人的創(chuàng)造性和實(shí)際才能,而這些都是對(duì)于解決問(wèn)題和成功人生而言極其重要的因素?!痉g點(diǎn)撥】后置定語(yǔ)前置,同位語(yǔ)單獨(dú)成句。29. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. 【詞匯突破】critical 重要的, concerning 關(guān)于【主干識(shí)別】and連接兩個(gè)完整的并列句。第一個(gè)句子主干為: science does provide us with the best available guide to the :it is critical that +主語(yǔ)從句。【其他成分】our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions主語(yǔ)從句【微觀解析】由于表語(yǔ)是critical表示重要性,在從句中用了“shoud +動(dòng)詞原型”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞形式,should 被省略了;that science can provide定語(yǔ)從句修飾judgment;concerning the future consequences of present 。【難點(diǎn)揭秘】出現(xiàn)多個(gè)后置定語(yǔ)造成翻譯的障礙?!咀g文賞析】但是科學(xué)確實(shí)能提供對(duì)于未來(lái)的最好的指導(dǎo),對(duì)于現(xiàn)在的行為之于未來(lái)的結(jié)果,科學(xué)能提供最好的評(píng)判,我們的國(guó)家和世界應(yīng)該把重要的政策機(jī)遇這種判斷之上,這一點(diǎn)非常重要?!痉g點(diǎn)撥】后半句翻譯的過(guò)程中最大的問(wèn)題就是如何處理多個(gè)后置定語(yǔ),這里可以采取倒序的方法進(jìn)行翻譯,在行文的過(guò)程中用代詞來(lái)進(jìn)行連接;先說(shuō):best judgments concerning the future consequences of present (the future consequences of present actions.)再說(shuō)science can provide科學(xué)能提供,這樣前兩句合并后變?yōu)椋簩?duì)于現(xiàn)在的行為之于未來(lái)的結(jié)果(定語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹形闹械臓钫Z(yǔ)),科學(xué)能提供最好的判斷。最后譯前半段:我們的國(guó)家和世界應(yīng)該把重要的政策機(jī)遇這種判斷之上,這一點(diǎn)非常