【正文】 rrel for 72 h. It was rotated every few hours to equalize the moisture content. Before starting the test, the moisture content was controlled. A schematic diagram of the test stand is presented in Fig. 1. The main element was the silo (1) which was provided with a water jacket. The external diameter of the silo was 600 mm and its height was 1200 mm. The water jacket was supplied with water at a required temperature, the water temperature being controlled by means of an ultrathermostat (6). The silo was filled with triticale grain of a specific initial moisture content. In all the experiments the initial grain temperature was the same at 15176。C. Then, the initial pressure against the silo wall was measured at eight height levels above the silo bottom (175,275,375,475,575,675,775 and 875 mm). During the experiments, the pressure values were measured once a day by means of strain gauges (4) and a force gauge type APAR AR 923 (5). At the same time the grain temperature inside the silo was measured at 40 measurement points by means of thermocouples (2) and a temperature gauge type AR 592 (3). The temperature measurement points were located at the same height as the strain gauges, at distances from silo axis of 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 mm. Strain gauges at a measuring range of 1 and 2 N and a measuring accuracy of N were used. Steel pistons with a diameter of 25 mm were attached to the gauging point and the grain was pressurized through a thinrubber membrane. It was calculated by the equation: P=F/S (4)where: P grain pressure on the wall, Pa。 F grain pressure force, N。 S pistons surface, m2. The strain gauges were attached to the wall with the measuring system was calibrated by a static method before every bath of the silo. Temperature measurement was carried out to within an accuracy of ℃. All measurements were taken in three replications. RESULTSThe mean values of the pressure and temperature measurements are presented in Figs 2 and 3. In all cases the initial temperature of the triticale grain put in the silo was 15176。C. In the course of storage, the grain temperature reached the highest values at the silo axis, and that is why the diagrams illustrate temperature changes at measurement points located along the axis. The temperature of triticale grain with an initial moisture content of 13% . increased with the passage of storage time. The strongest increase in temperature was observed at measurement points located at the height of 675 and 775 mm above the silo bottom. After 25 days, the grain temperature at those levels was 22176。C. A much higher increase in grain temperature was recorded for the triticale grain with an initial moisture content of 16% . (Fig. 2). The strongest changes in temperature occurred during the period up to day 20 of the storage. At a height of 675 mm the temperature value reached 36176。C and the lowest measurement point 30176。C. Between day 20 and day 25, changes in temperature were only slight. The temperature increased by 2 degrees, mainly in the lower part of the silo. The highest temperature values were observed in the case of the triticale grain with the initial moisture content of 18% . (Fig. 2). The maximum value observed after 25 days was at a height of 675 mm (44176。C). At that time the temperature at the bottom of the silo was 36176。C. At this moisture content, the temperature increase was also the strongest until day 20 of storage. In all the experiments the temperature at the highest measurement level was lower than at heights of 675 and 775 mm. This was due to water evaporation. The fact that the highest temperatures were observed at heights of 675 and 775 mm indicates water diffusion from the bottom towards the top of the silo, and its absorption (mainly) at those levels. Temperature at the silo wall was lower than at points located on the silo axis (after 25 days of storage by an average of 25℃ depending on the grain moisture content). The mean value of triticale grain moisture content increased by % in the first case, % in the second, and by about % in the third. Increased moisture content caused changes in the value of pressure on the silo wall. The lowest increases in silo wall pressure were observed in the case of triticale grain with a moisture content of 13% . When the silo was filled, the wall pressure in the lower part of the silo was hPa, and at the highest measurement level it was hPa. After 25 days of storage those values increased to and hPa, respectively. The initial wall pressure of the triticale grain with 16% . moisture content was hPa at the bottom and hPa at the top. The lower pressure values when pared to those for triticale grain with 13% . moisture were due to the lower bulk density. In the course of the storage period, pressure values grew gradually to reach their maximum, at the final stage of storage ( hPa at the bottom and hPa at the top). The highest pressure increase was observed from the bottom of the silo up to a height of 775 mm. At a height of 885 mm, the increase in wall pressure was only slight. The highest increase in wall pressure values was observed in the case of the triticale grain with a 18% . moisture content. On the first day of storage the pressure was hPa at the bottom and hPa at the top. Over 5 days, the pressure increased only slightly, with the exception of the value recorded at a height of 775 mm, where it reached hPa. At that time, the water accumulation increase in the material stored became apparent. Between day 5 and day 10, a rapid increase in pressure values was observed, up to the value of hPa at the bottom of the silo. Extension of storage time beyond day 10 up to day 25 caused very little increase in terms of wall pressure in the lower part of the silo, up to 475 mm, and a decrease in pressure above that level, which is consistent with grain mildewing. CONCLUSIONS initial moisture content of triticale grain affects the tempera