【正文】
詞+be (am, is, are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞,如: 1. What are you doing?你正在干什么? I am doing my 。 2. What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么? He (She) is riding a (她)正在騎自行車(chē)。 與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的詞:look(看)、listen(聽(tīng))、now(現(xiàn)在), Look! Jack is !杰克正在游泳。 Listen! She is !她正在唱歌。 I am cleaning my room 。動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則 1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cookcooking 2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:makemaking, tastetasting 3.如果末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:runrunning, stopstopping 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),用來(lái)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)是:be (am, is, are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式,幾種句型: 一、陳述句(肯定句) 主語(yǔ)+be (am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞,如: I am reading 。 He is ?!ou are 。 二、一般疑問(wèn)句 Be(Am, Is, Are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞, 如: 1. Are you singing?你正在唱歌嗎? Yes, I ,我在唱歌。 (No, I39。m ,我不在唱歌。) 2. Is he (she) listening to music?他(她)在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)嗎? Yes, he (she) ,他(她)在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。 [No, he (she) isn39。,他(她)不在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。] 三、特殊疑問(wèn)句 疑問(wèn)詞+be (am, is, are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞,如: 1. What are you doing?你正在干什么? I am doing my 。 2. What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么? He (She) is riding a (她)正在騎自行車(chē)。 與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的詞:look(看)、listen(聽(tīng))、now(現(xiàn)在), Look! Jack is !杰克正在游泳。 Listen! She is !她正在唱歌。 I am cleaning my room 。一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(a) be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式:I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….一般疑問(wèn)句was, were 放在句首。(b) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式:肯定句: I watched cartoons.She visited the zoo.一般疑問(wèn)句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.He didn’t make model ships last week.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則: 1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加ed,如:pullpulled, cookcooked 2.結(jié)尾是e加d,如:tastetasted 3.末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ed,如:stopstopped 4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i, 再加ed,如:studystudied 5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: am,iswas, arewere, dodid, seesaw, saysaid, givegave, getgot, gowent, ecame, havehad, eatate, taketook, runran, singsang, putput, makemade, readread, writewrote, drawdrew, drinkdrank, swimswam, sitsat 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can, could, will, would, may, must, should, shall。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響) 特征 1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verb)本身有詞義,表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài),但詞義不完全,不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,一般只能和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所表示的情態(tài)有:命令、允諾、請(qǐng)求、拒絕、愿望、愿意、義務(wù)、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。 3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(ought除外)和助動(dòng)詞shall,will,should,would一樣,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式一般皆不帶。 形式變化 1)沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)也無(wú)變化。如: I can We can You can You can He They can She can It 2)有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式,有少數(shù)過(guò)去式和它的原形相同。 a)有過(guò)去式的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有: may would can ―― could may―― night shall should have to had to b)過(guò)去式不變的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有: must must (或had to) ought to ought to needneed dare dare(亦可用dared) 3)大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面可用動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)形式,如:can(may,must)be doing,can(may,must) have done,can(may,must)be done等。 否定式 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞一樣,后面可直接跟否定詞not?,F(xiàn)將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式及其否定式的簡(jiǎn)略式(簡(jiǎn)略式用于口語(yǔ)中)列舉如下: shall notshan‘t [FB:nt] will notwon’t [wEunt] can notcan‘t [kB:nt] must notmustn’t [5mQsnt] should not shouldn‘t would not wouldn’t could not couldn‘t dare not daren’t [dZEnt] need not needn‘t 在疑問(wèn)句中的用法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在疑問(wèn)句中的用法和助動(dòng)詞相同。如: May I ask you a question? 我可以問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎? Can you let me use your dictionary for a minute? 你能把字典借我用一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)幔? Would you like to visit the heavy machinery plant? 你想?yún)⒂^重型機(jī)器廠嗎? 注意have to在疑問(wèn)句中的位置。如: Do you have to go out today? 你今天一定得出去嗎? Does he have to finish the work tomorrow? 他明天非做完這項(xiàng)工作不可嗎?