【正文】 promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名詞。例如： The news that his heath is failing made us sad. 他健康狀況不佳的消息使我們很難過。// I have no idea where they are spending their holidays. 我不知道他們在哪里度假。// The question who should do the work requires 。// There is no doubt that he will e here ， 這是毫無疑問的。// He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their ?！　≌莆胀徽Z從句的用法要注意以下兩個問題：　　1. 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面， 而是被別的詞隔開， 以使得整個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)顯得平衡。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他從瑪麗那里獲知了運動會被推遲的消息。// Word came that Hussein had been captured. 侯賽因已被捕的消息傳來。2. 同位語從句和定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)相似， 通常位于某一名詞或代詞后面， 但兩者存在明顯區(qū)別： 同位語從句對名詞性成分加以補充說明， 是該名詞性成分具體內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)(相當于名詞的作用)。 that引導的同位語從句中引導詞that不在該同位語從句中充當句子成分， 但不能被省略， 同位語從句還可以用whether、 how等連詞引導(定語從句則不能)。定語從句對先行詞加以限制或修飾、 說明先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征(相當于形容詞的作用)， 定語從句的引導詞均在該定語從句中充當特定的句子成分(that在其引導的限定性定語從句中充當主語、 賓語或者表語， 充當定語從句中賓語的that經(jīng)?？杀皇÷?。注意體會以下四組例句：　　(1) 第一組例句：　?、?We can39。t solve the problem how we can travel faster than 。　　(how引導的從句表示其前面的名詞the problem的具體內(nèi)容， 屬于同位語從句)　?、?I can39。t remember the problem that they ?！　?引導詞that就是that引導的從句中have的賓語， the problem的具體內(nèi)容也沒有得到說明， 故本句中that引導的從句是修飾problem的定語從句)　　(2) 第二組例句：　?、?I won39。t believe the fact that he lied to his ?！　?that引導同位語從句對fact的具體內(nèi)容進行說明， that在其中不充當具體的句子成分)　?、?I won39。t believe the fact (that) he told ?！　?that引導定語從句對fact進行限定， that在該從句中充當賓語)　　(3) 第三組例句：　?、?The news that Tom would go abroad is told by ?！　?that引導同位語從句對news的具體內(nèi)容進行說明， that在其中不充當具體的句子成分)　?、?The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 他告訴我的消息是湯姆來年將出國?！　?句中的第一個that引導定語從句限定先行詞news， 第二個that引導表語從句)　　(4) 第四組例句：　?、?We have no idea at all where he has ?！　?where引導同位語從句說明idea的具體內(nèi)容)　?、?That39。s the place where he was ?！　?where引導定語從句限定先行詞place)例題講解：［考題1］ There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (2006天津)　　A. that B. which C. until D. if　?。鄞鸢福?A　　［解析］ 下劃線處引導chance的同位語從句， 說明可能性的具體內(nèi)容， 應填入that?！　。劭碱}2］ Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ____ he had to meet his uncle at the air port. (2006重慶)　　A. why B. that　C. where D. because　?。鄞鸢福?B　　［解析］ “he had to meet his uncle at the air port”本身是完整的陳述句， 用以說明reason的具體內(nèi)容， 應用that引導該同位語從句?！　。劭碱}3］ Doris39。 success lies in the fact ____ she is cooperative and eager to learn from others. (2006上海春)　　A. which B. that C. when D. why　　［答案］ B　?。劢馕觯?fact后面通常由that引導同位語從句， that后接完整的陳述句說明fact的具體內(nèi)容。題意為： 她的成功決定于她非常愿意與別人合作并且向別人學習?！　。劭碱}4］ A warm thought suddenly came to me ____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother39。s birthday. (2006安徽)　　A. if B. when C. that D. which　　［答案］ C　?。劢馕觯?“I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother39。s birthday”本身是完整的陳述句， 用以說明thought的具體內(nèi)容， 應用that引導該同位語從句?！　。劭碱}5］ Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this ing Christmas. (2004上海春)　　A. which B. that C. what D. whether　?。鄞鸢福?B　?。劢馕觯?陳述客觀情況的名詞性從句的引導詞之后是完整的陳述句， 引導詞本身不充當該名詞性從句中具體的句子成分， 有這樣用法的引導詞只能是that。本題中that引導的名詞性從句“that he would visit me this ing Christmas”是說明promise具體內(nèi)容的同位語從句?！　。劭碱}6］ ____ is no possibility ____ Bob can win the first prize in the match.(上海2001)　　A. There。 that B. It。 that　　C. There。 whether D. It。 whether　?。鄞鸢福?A　?。劢馕觯?第一個下劃線處應填入表存在的句型的引導詞there， 第二個下劃線處應填入that引導說明possibility的具體內(nèi)容?！癟here is no possibility that ...”意為“沒有……的可能性”， 又如： There is no possibility that you will work abroad. 你沒有去國外工作的可能?！　。劭碱}7］ There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private ears ____ road conditions need ____. (2003上海)　　A. that。 to be improved B. which。 to be improved　　C. where。 improving D. when。 improving　?。鄞鸢福?A　?。劢馕觯?第一個下劃線處應填入that引導說明problem的具體內(nèi)容， 第二個下劃線處應填入表被動動作的to be improved。注意： 本題中problem的同位語從句that road conditions need to be improved與problem之間由problem的后置定語involved in the popularity of private ears進行了分隔?！　。劭碱}8］ Do you have any idea ____ is actually going on in the classroom? (2005遼寧)　　A. that B. what C. as D. which　　［答案］ B　?。劢馕觯?說明idea具體內(nèi)容的同位語中缺少表示“什么是……？”的疑問主語， 應選用what， 引導idea的同位語從句。 18