【正文】 ? Her interest has greatly languished . ? 她的興趣已經(jīng)大減了 . 3） .That did it ,” (Para 147) ? ——That made me lose my selfcontrol . ? Ellipsis 4） .After he promised ,after he made a deal ,after he shook my hand .” ( Para 151 ) ? He did traitorous act after he promised ,after he made a deal , after he shook my hand .(省略句 ） 5） .Modulate: change the quality of the voice by making it lower ,louder or safer 變調(diào)，調(diào)節(jié)音量 ? eg : The music modulates from G to D . 6.“Let?s look at this thing logically ,… , a guy who?ll never know where his next meal is ing from .”( Para 153 ) antithesis Brilliant , intellectural 和 assured 對照knothead ,jetterbug 和 never know where next meal is ing from . 1. fast pace with a racy dialogue full of American colloquialism and slangs. He employs a great variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid, dramatic and colorful. Ⅳ . Effective writing skills lexical spectrum is colorful—from the ultra learned terms to the infra clipped vulgar forms to fit in each character. figurative language and also grammatical inversion for special emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. This mix adds to the realism of the story. Ⅴ . Logical fallacy Simplicity ? —the fallacy is mitted by an argument that applies a general rule to a particular case in which some special circumstances make the rule inappropriate. ? Car is fast. Therefore every time we hang out, we should drive a car. ? Dog is a pet. Everyone likes it. ? Post education is beneficial. so everyone should at least get a bachelor degree. 2. Hasty Generalization The converse fallacy of accident argues improperly from a special case to a general rule. ? A sports program is interesting. An entertainment program is interesting. A TV series is interesting. Therefore every TV program is interesting. ? Tom is a prime student. Jane is a prime student. Jack is a prime student. All the students therefore in this class are prime students. 3. Post Hoc The fallacy of false cause mislocates the cause of one phenomenon in another that is only seemingly related. Post hoc mistakes temporal sequence for causal connection . ? Don’t sing this song. Every time you sing this song, the baby gets sick. ? I never drink purified water, each time I do I’ll get diarrhea. ? His eyes are very big, so he must have good eyesight. 4. Contradictory Premises The conclusion is contradictory to the premise ? This is the mightiest sword which is able to shatter any shield, and that is the most indestructible shield which is capable of enduring any stroke. ? I think he is the invincible man in the world, and nothing is powerful enough to defeat him. But, of course, he has certain drawbacks that might cause him lose. 5. Ad Misericordiam The fallacy of irrelevant conclusion is mitted when the conclusion changes the point that is at issue in the premises ? ―He was late to the class today.‖ ―Because he was scolded by his mother yesterday.‖ ? ― Have you had lunch?‖ ― I got up late this morning, and unfortunately I fell down from my bike when riding to school.‖ ? 6. False Analogy ? Since we have moon cakes in the Moon Festival, why don’t we have spring cakes in the Spring Festival? ? Before the founding of the People’s Republic, eating rotten vegetables and bran was so mon to the people. So I don’t think it is unbearable to eat the remains of the meal. ? 7. Hypothesis Contrary to Fact ? If the gunpowder hadn’t been invented, there wouldn’t have been so many wars in the world. ? How could you have passed the exam what if I hadn’t told you the answer in advance? 8. Poisoning the Well ―speaking against the man‖ rather than to the issue in which the premises may only make a personal attack on a person who holds some thesis, instead of offering grounds showing why what he says is false. ? Don’t listen to any word from him, for he is most shameful cheating around the world. ? The defendant killed the victim cruelly, I suggest Lord sentence him guilty. Ⅵ .Questions for discussion 1. What do you think of Polly’s choice? 2. What is your idea about love? Is love a fallacy? 3. Whom does the writer try to satirize? In what way? 4. Comparing with the narrator’s description of the three characters in the story, what do you think of each of them? 5. What have you learned about the young Americans from this story? what sense is the conclusion ironic ?