【正文】 數(shù)調(diào)整照明控制措施，以獲得更好的照明質(zhì)量和節(jié)電效果。照度輔助控制考慮到天氣異常變化的影響，比如在陰雨天氣，實(shí)際的天黑時(shí)間將比正常情況提前，天亮?xí)r間將會(huì)推遲，這樣就必須提前開燈或者推遲關(guān)燈。所以在這種情況下要提高照明質(zhì)量就不能再單純按照時(shí)段劃分中的開關(guān)燈時(shí)間進(jìn)行控制，而必須綜合考慮自然環(huán)境照度和當(dāng)前時(shí)間，執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的開燈或關(guān)燈操作。需要注意的是，為了保證系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，在進(jìn)行環(huán)境照度采集時(shí)必須采取延時(shí)或者軟件濾波等措施消除環(huán)境照度尖峰干擾(如閃電)。此外，還應(yīng)該限定根據(jù)照度進(jìn)行控制的作用時(shí)間段或者采用模糊控制手段區(qū)分干擾和正常情況，避免因突變持續(xù)性干擾造成的誤動(dòng)作。依據(jù)環(huán)境照度進(jìn)行輔助開燈控制只是在控制時(shí)段5內(nèi)且距離正常開燈時(shí)間1小時(shí)內(nèi)的時(shí)間段內(nèi)有效。同樣，依據(jù)環(huán)境照度進(jìn)行輔助的延遲關(guān)燈控制只是在控制時(shí)段5內(nèi)且在正常關(guān)燈時(shí)間之后的1小時(shí)內(nèi)的時(shí)間段內(nèi)有效，超出這段時(shí)間將不再考慮環(huán)境照度因素。交通流量輔助控制在智能化的照明控制系統(tǒng)中要實(shí)現(xiàn)人性化的照明控制，還必須考慮同—照明季節(jié)內(nèi)交通流量變化規(guī)律的異常情況，尤其是在—些比較重要的節(jié)假日，人們的作息習(xí)慣會(huì)和平時(shí)出現(xiàn)差異，因此道路交通流量曲線與平時(shí)相比會(huì)出現(xiàn)較大波動(dòng)，這時(shí)就不能再按照正常的時(shí)間段劃分進(jìn)行控制，而必須借助于交通流量輔助控制?？紤]到這種波動(dòng)主要集中在控制時(shí)段2和控制時(shí)段3內(nèi)，因此限定交通流量輔助控制也只是在時(shí)段2和控制時(shí)段3內(nèi)有效。在進(jìn)行流量參數(shù)采集時(shí)，為了保證流量采集的準(zhǔn)確性，應(yīng)該合理設(shè)置采集周期。 本章小結(jié)本章介紹了系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)。在軟件設(shè)計(jì)中，包括系統(tǒng)初始化，定時(shí)信號(hào)采樣，對(duì)采樣結(jié)果分析和輸出控制信號(hào)。照明控制策略采用了時(shí)間環(huán)境參數(shù)以及手動(dòng)的相結(jié)合的控制策略。千萬不要?jiǎng)h除行尾的分節(jié)符，此行不會(huì)被打印?！敖Y(jié)論”以前的所有正文內(nèi)容都要編寫在此行之前。 46 結(jié)論自適應(yīng)LED路燈控制系統(tǒng)的研制是目前國內(nèi)外所關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)課題之—。眾所周知，路燈設(shè)備是使用量十分巨大基礎(chǔ)用電設(shè)備。自適應(yīng)控制系統(tǒng)是專為大中規(guī)模的照明系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的智能控制裝置[23]。它的研制將是照明設(shè)備節(jié)能降耗的重要途徑和有效方法。本文通過系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建與方案設(shè)計(jì)、系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)、軟件設(shè)計(jì)以及控制策略，證明所設(shè)計(jì)的路燈控制系統(tǒng)是可行的。通過對(duì)本課題的設(shè)計(jì)與研究可以得出以下結(jié)論：1． 自適應(yīng)LED路燈控制系統(tǒng)采用了智能化技術(shù)，能夠根據(jù)時(shí)間控制以及環(huán)境控制的需要來選擇控制方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)了自適應(yīng)控制，有效的減少了資源浪費(fèi)。它的控制單元以插件形式安裝，為維護(hù)和迅速更換元件提供了方便。2． 設(shè)計(jì)了基于單片機(jī)AT80C5微控制模塊等電路。3． 路燈控制系統(tǒng)使用方便，制造成本合理，維護(hù)較容易。從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度與技術(shù)角度綜合來看，具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。用—套裝置可以同時(shí)控制路燈的起動(dòng)和停止，且重復(fù)性好。智能路燈節(jié)能控制系統(tǒng)取得了階段性的成功，但仍有待遇技術(shù)進(jìn)步去完善與改進(jìn)。由于水平有限及時(shí)間倉促，還有許多工作沒有完成，硬件部分可以在進(jìn)一步的拓展，自適應(yīng)LED路燈節(jié)能控制系統(tǒng)的智能化程度還可以進(jìn)一步提高，可以朝實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控方向努力；對(duì)路燈的群控和時(shí)控要進(jìn)一步的研究。致謝首先感謝我尊敬的導(dǎo)師。在為人方面，我懂得了做人要積極樂觀，正直，樂于助人。為師方面，要不遺余力、無私奉獻(xiàn)。研究中，要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)認(rèn)真、腳踏實(shí)地、勤于動(dòng)腦、勤于動(dòng)手。這些在我以后的工作和生活中將是我所要努力做到的。在論文撰寫期間，我要感謝許多讓我分享他們寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)的同學(xué)們。通過一同的研究和探討，他們?yōu)槲艺撐牡耐瓿商岢隽嗽S多寶貴建議，我從中得到了很多有益的啟發(fā)。衷心感謝父母多年來的撫養(yǎng)和教誨，正是他們的資助、鼓勵(lì)和支持，我才能得以完成本科的學(xué)業(yè)和本學(xué)士論文。感謝哈爾濱理工大學(xué)對(duì)我的培養(yǎng)，在母校度過的這一段青春時(shí)光，必會(huì)讓我終生難忘。最后，對(duì)評(píng)審論文的各位專家、學(xué)者表示衷心的感謝! 參考文獻(xiàn)1 ，2006,（9）: 72～732 余慶鋒，2005,（16）：105～1073 鄒常茂，節(jié)能與環(huán)保，2007,(12):52～534 ,(2):116～1205 :北京航空航天大學(xué),20076 王亞蘭,智能路燈節(jié)能控制器研究,武漢理工大學(xué),2008：49～527 8 :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2005:321～3269 黃輝，姜學(xué)東， ，2005，(4):10～12，1510 大功率LED路燈的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),2009 11 LED 12 大功率LED路燈 13 李全利，仲偉峰，：清華大學(xué)出版社，2006: 14～1914 王健，2005，22(4):43～4515 (第2版).北京:北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社，200216朱虹,劉廷章,王建,基于太陽能發(fā)電的LED照明控制技術(shù),工業(yè)儀表與自動(dòng)化裝置，2008，(1):23～2717 饒運(yùn)濤，鄒繼軍，:北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社，2002.18 黃卜夫，吳明光，2007:7～919 陳濤，照明控制與自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的完美結(jié)合——，(9):26～3220 張東旭，2004，(12):18～2121 Kebschull，Werner Eeonomic Street ，1996，38(3):218～22022 ，2003，(8):31～3323 Hoeline， Eeonomic Applieation of Incandescent Street Traffie Signal ，1987，39(l):38～41附錄AA matter of light：PWM dimming By Sameh Sarhan and Chris Richardson, National Semiconductor Whether you drive LEDs with a buck, boost, buckboost or linear regulator, the mon thread is drive circuitry to control the light output. A few applications are as simple as ON and OFF, but the greater number of applications call for dimming the output between zero and 100 percent, often with fine resolution. The designer has two main choices: adjust the LED current linearly (analog dimming), or use switching circuitry that works at a frequency high enough for the eye to average the light output (digital dimming). Using pulsewidth modulation (PWM) to set the period and duty cycle (Fig. 1) is perhaps the easiest way to acplish digital dimming, and a buck regulator topology will often provide the best peRFormance. Figure 1: LED driver using PWM dimming, with waveforms.PWM dimming preferred Analog dimming is often simpler to implement. We vary the output of the LED driver in proportion to a control voltage. Analog dimming introduces no new frequencies as potential sources of EMC/EMI. However, PWM dimming is used in most designs, owing to a fundamental property of LEDs: the character of the light emitted shifts in proportion to the average drive current. For monochromatic LEDs, the dominant wavELength changes. For white LEDs, the correlated color temperature (CCT) changes. It39。s difficult for the human eye to detect a change of a few nanometers in a red, green, or blue LED, especially when the light intensity is also changing. A change in color temperature of white light, however, is easily detected. Most white LEDs consist of a die that emits photons in the blue spectrum, which strike a phosphor coating that in turn emits photons over a broad range of visible light. At low currents the phosphor dominates and the light tends to be more yellow. At high currents the blue emission of the LED dominates, giving the light a blue cast, leading to a higher CCT. In applications with more than one white LED, a difference in CCT between two adjacent LEDs can be both obvious and unpleasant. That concept extends to light sources that blend light from multiple monochromatic LEDs. When we have more than one light source, any difference between them jars the senses. LED manufacturers specify a certain drive current in the electrical characteristics tables of their products, and they guarantee the dominant wavelength or CCT only at those specified currents. Dimming with PWM ensures that the LEDs emit the color that the lighting designer needs, regardless of the intensity. Such precise control is particularly important in RGB applications where we blend light of different colors to produce white. From the driver IC perspective, analog dimming presents a serious challenge to the output current accuracy. Almost every LED driver uses a resistor of some type in series with the output to sense current. The currentsense voltage, VSNS, is selected as a promise to maintain low Power dissipation while keeping a high signaltonoise ratio (SNR). Tolerances, offsets, and delays in the driver introduce an error that remains relatively fixed. To reduce output current in a closedloop system, VSNS, must be reduced. That in turn reduces the output current accuracy and ultimately the output current cannot be specified, controlled, or guaranteed. In general, dimming with PWM allows more accurate, linear control over the light output down to much lower levels than analog dimming. Dimming frequency vs. contrast ratio The LED driver39。s finite response time to a PWM dimming signal creates design issues. There are three main types of