【正文】 dent sat behind 。after與behind用于指時(shí)間時(shí),前者強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的先后順序,而后者則著重于表示“落后……”或“遲于……”的概念。試比較:Who ruled after James I?詹姆斯一世之后是誰(shuí)統(tǒng)治的?You are forty minutes behind 。after多用于表示因時(shí)間上的先后而造成順序的前后場(chǎng)合,behind則常用于僅指位置上的前后關(guān)系。請(qǐng)比較:Please shut the door after 。Please shut the door behind 。 at the back of:這個(gè)前置詞短語(yǔ)既可指具體的位置的先后,又可用于指抽象的概念。 afterward(s), later后來(lái),以后 afterward(s)與later的不同之處有兩點(diǎn)。,一般不分具體時(shí)間連用,而later常指一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后。(s)強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的先后順序,而later側(cè)重“遲、推遲”。 age, epoch, era, period, times時(shí)期、時(shí)代 age:常指具有顯著特征或以某杰出人物命名的歷史時(shí)代或時(shí)期。 epoch:正式用詞,側(cè)重指以某重大事件或巨大變化為起點(diǎn)的新的歷史時(shí)期。 era:書(shū)面語(yǔ)用詞,指歷史上的紀(jì)元、年代,可與epoch和age互換,側(cè)重時(shí)期的延續(xù)性和整個(gè)歷程。 period:最普通用詞,概念廣泛,時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短不限,既可指任何一個(gè)歷史時(shí)期,又可指?jìng)€(gè)人或自然界的一個(gè)發(fā)展階段。 times:側(cè)重某一特定時(shí)期。 aggression, invasion, assault, attack, offensive進(jìn)攻、侵略aggression:詞義寬泛,既可指武裝入侵別國(guó)領(lǐng)土,又可指文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的侵略。側(cè)重?cái)骋庑袆?dòng)和征服的企圖。 invasion:多指具體的侵入或侵犯別國(guó)領(lǐng)土,也可用于指抽象事件。 assault:主要指突然而猛烈的進(jìn)攻。 attack:普通用詞,含義廣,指事先不發(fā)警告,主動(dòng)地向?qū)Ψ桨l(fā)起武力進(jìn)攻或?qū)ρ哉摰冗M(jìn)行抨擊。 offensive:多指進(jìn)攻的態(tài)勢(shì),常指大規(guī)模的協(xié)同軍事行動(dòng)。 ago, before…以前 ago:指從現(xiàn)在起往前推算一段時(shí)間,始終置于所修飾的詞之后,與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。 before:或指從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間起向前推算的若干時(shí)間的以前,通常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用；或泛指以前,并不具體指若干時(shí)間以前,可使用現(xiàn)在完成的或過(guò)去時(shí)；還可指從將來(lái)某一時(shí)間起的若干時(shí)間以前。 agony, auguish, torment, torture, grief, misery, distress, sorrow苦惱、痛苦 agony:側(cè)重指精神或身體痛苦的劇烈程度。 auguish:指精神方面令人難以忍受的極度痛苦；用于身體時(shí),多指局部或暫時(shí)的痛苦。 torment:強(qiáng)調(diào)煩惱或痛苦的長(zhǎng)期性。 torture:語(yǔ)氣比toment強(qiáng),指在精神或肉體上受到的折磨所產(chǎn)生的痛苦。 grief:指由某種特殊處境或原因造成的強(qiáng)烈的感情上的苦惱與悲痛。 misery:著重痛苦的可悲狀態(tài),多含不幸、可憐或悲哀的意味。 distress:多指因思想上的壓力緊張、恐懼、憂慮等所引起的精神上的痛苦,也可指某種災(zāi)難帶來(lái)的痛苦。 sorrow:語(yǔ)氣比grief弱,指因不幸、損失或失望等所產(chǎn)生的悲傷。(二)反義詞:above after all alone always ask question back bad badly beautiful begin best better big black borrow both break busy buy certainly cheap clean clevercloudy cold e cool danger dark day dead death die down dry early easy fill full entrance fall far fast fine first foreign forget freezefrom give glad poor greathappy easy soft love herehigh hold holiday ill ininnocent inside into kill laugharrive stay left wrong heavydark like(v) like(adj) find winmany catch hit more mostmove much messy never nextnobody nothing now new youngon(adj) on(adv) open over painpass success poor pull punishrainy wet safe same seriouslong tall social sleep smoothstart strong bring give put onteach fat thick town true war warm whole win wide with(三)同音詞by two four one sea meet week no sonright blue eight weatherpale flower dear hear Ihigh there hour knew wear be through warn past pear whose whole road father redscene aunt knight all together heal band bare brake breadpeace rose cent sail cell sauce steal plement story dyingsite fare vain flaw way wait fourth wood 三、熟詞聯(lián)想記憶coffercoffee boodlenoodle houndsound fiendfriend derivedrive strandstand freshflesh prayprey meekmeet dozenose queerqueen launchlunch furiouscurious aboardboard broadabroad loomroombroom四、合成聯(lián)想記憶weekend weekday headache toothache skyline deadline outline underline oute outlook sidewalk feedback upload download airsick carsick homesick dragonfly firefly masterpiece airport daybreak gentleman outbreak painkiller handwriting editorinchief shewolf typewriter readingroom flyingfish snowwhite Englishspeaking manmade facetoface oneway highclass grownup goodlooking warmhearted五、拆詞聯(lián)想記憶carpet tenable capacity hesitate mandate innocent pastime history candidate costume attendance mendacity六、諧音聯(lián)想記憶ambition ambulance pest lobster blond thief obey pour dense cough howl lawyer square lie tongue leisure chaos sentimental 七、拼音聯(lián)想記憶guide cheque dare change bandage 八、搭配聯(lián)想記憶be back be in be out be good at be careful of be covered with be ready for be busy with be busy doing be surprised at be interested in be born be on be able to be araid of be afraid to be afraid that be angry with be angry aboutbe pleased with be famous for be famous as be strict with