【正文】 those plants to enter　into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers　are identified and isolated，and even if　the transfer of those gene plexes，once they are found， bees possible. （4）除非他們能取得成功，不然的話，綠色革命的產(chǎn)量收益將在很大程度上損失殆盡，即使豆科植物中使這些植物有條件進入到與固氮細菌共生關系的基因可被辨識出來和分離開來的話，且即使這些基因綜合體（gene plex），一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，其移植得以成為可能的話。 48. Its subject（to use Maynard Mack’s categories）is　lifeasspectacle， for readers，　　diverted by its various incidents，observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without；the tragic Iliad，however，presents lifeasexperience：readers　are asked to identify with the mind of　　Achilles，whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero. （5）其主題〔若借鑒梅納德。邁克（Maynard Mack）的兩個分類范疇的話〕是“人生作為外部景象”，因為讀者的注意力被作品那形形色色的事件所分散，主要是從外部來觀察其主人公奧德修斯（Odyssus）的；然而，富于悲劇色彩的《伊利亞特》所表現(xiàn)的則是“人生作為內(nèi)心體驗”：讀者被要求與阿基琉斯（Achilles）的心靈產(chǎn)生共鳴，而其行為動機卻致使他變作一個并非特別惹人喜愛的主人公。 （從分號后的語句推理出前面的意思）注：hero:主人公；without:外部；likable:有吸引力的49. Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement： before maturity one eye migrates，so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head. （3+）在一條成年比目魚身上顯著存在的諸多不對稱（asymmetry）特征中，最為吸人注目的是眼睛的擺位：在成年之前，一只眼睛發(fā)生移動，因此在成年比目魚身上，兩只眼睛均位于頭部的同一側面。 50. A critique of Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined , and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded .（4）一個對于H的關于為何法律上的奴隸制沒有在17世紀60年代以前出現(xiàn)的原因所作解釋的批評顯示，關于奴隸制和種族偏見之間的關系的假說應當重新檢查，而且顯示出，對于在北美和南美之間的對黑怒的不同處理的解釋應當被擴展。51. The best evidence for the layeredmantle thesis is the wellestablished fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands，islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle，are posed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system， whose source，most　geologists contend，is the upper mantle. （5 ）對于地幔分層論點來說，最好的證據(jù)乃這樣一個確認的事實，即在那些海洋島嶼——這些島嶼據(jù)信是源于由下層地幔升上來的地幔柱狀溶巖流（mantle plume）——上發(fā)現(xiàn)的火山巖石，是由與海洋中部山脊系統(tǒng)的物質根本不同的物質構成的，而這一海洋中部山脊系統(tǒng)的成因，大多數(shù)地質學家論辯道，為上部地幔。 52. Some geologists，however，on the basis of observations concerning mantle　xenoliths， argue that the mantle is　not layered，but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in inpatible elements （elements tending toward　liquid rather than solid state）percolating upward and transforming　portions of the upper mantle　irregularly，according to the vagaries of the fluids’ pathways. （4+）但是，某些地質學家，以對地幔捕虜巖體（xenolith）所作的觀察為依據(jù)，指出地幔并非是分層排列的，相反，地幔的異質性是由那些富含“不相容成分”的流質構成的，這些成分趨向于流體而非固體的狀態(tài)，自下而上滲透擴散，并依照這些流質流向的任意性，不規(guī)則地將上部地幔的某些部分予以改變。53. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of SaintBeuve’s blindness to the real nature of great writing , found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments ,and allowed these to take over it a steadily developing novel. （5 ）F認為，P在1908年試圖開始寫一部小說，又為了寫一部批判SB的 偉大作品的真正本質的視而不見的長篇的證明而放棄了這部小說，其后又發(fā)現(xiàn)這一論文又勾起了其個人記憶及小說情節(jié)的萌生，使得后者取而代之形成了一部穩(wěn)定展開的小說。54. The very richness and plexity of the　meaningful relationships that kept　presenting and rearranging themselves　on all levels，from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings， made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently. （5）各種有意義的聯(lián)系在所有的層次上，自抽象的理性至深刻的夢幻般的情感，層出不窮并不斷重新組合排列；正是這些有意義的聯(lián)系的豐富性和復雜性，致使普魯斯特難于將它們錯落有致地安排好。 55. But those of who hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb’s newly published plete edition of Proust’s correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed. (4)但是我們當中的那些希望（也算上K本人）K新出版的P1909年書信的全集能夠更加詳細的記錄下這一過程的人都大失所望。56. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it , passing from a sovereign people to patriots with newly arriving settlers to , finally ，a conquered people – a charter minority on our own land. （5 ）現(xiàn)在我們必須也按照我們墨西哥裔的美國人的經(jīng)歷來審視這個文化，我們的經(jīng)歷是從一個主權的民族變成了新來的定居者的同胞，在最終淪落成為一個被征服的民族——在我們自己的土地上的契約的少數(shù)民族。57. It is possible to make specific plementary DNA’s （cDNA’s）that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’s （mRNA’s）of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones，the cells will contain these Mrna’S. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them，then the cDNA’s should still bind to　　these mRNA’s，but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones. （4）科學家可以制造出特異的（specific）互補DNA’s（cDNA’s），以此作為分子探子（molecular probe），探覓出肽激素的信使RNA’s（mRNA’s）。如果大腦正在制造著肽激素，則細胞就會含有這些信使RNA’，那么，互補cDNA’s應仍然和這些信使mDNA’s粘結的程度。含有這些mRNA’s的腦細胞然后就可以被分離開來，研究者可對其信使RNA’s進行解碼，以確定它們的蛋白質產(chǎn)品究竟是什么，并確定這些蛋白質產(chǎn)品在何種程度上類似于真正的肽激素。 58. The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can　take years of tedious purifications　　to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them. （4）采用cDNA探子來測定肽激素的這一分子生物學方法同時也應該比免疫學的方法速度來得快，因為對于免疫的方法來說，需耗費好幾年枯燥的提純進程，方能將肽素分離了出來，然后再培養(yǎng)出針對它們的抗血清。 59. Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.（3+）然而，研究P時代的研究者發(fā)展除了各種各樣的或多或少有些奇怪思想的模型系統(tǒng)，用來顯示如果由他們來決定地質事件的話他們將會如何安排冰川紀。60. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits　and events not directly related to　　glacial and interglacial periods，rather　than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits. （4）這一序列演替（succession）所依據(jù)的，主要是一系列與冰川期和間冰期并不直接相關的地質沉積物和地質事件，而不是依據(jù)更為普遍的現(xiàn)代方法，去研究間冰層（interglacial bed）中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的生物殘留物，而這些間冰層本身又在冰川沉積物發(fā)生間層化（interstatified）。 61. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social　　relationships either between those who are involved and those who are　not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need，or　between those already satiated and　those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.（5）人們試圖對這些禁