【正文】 e are M27 and less, metric coarse screw threads shall be used.除非另有規(guī)定，壓力容器所用的所有螺栓的螺紋應(yīng)為ISO公制。如果螺栓尺寸為M30或以上，公制螺紋螺旋間距應(yīng)為3mm。如果螺栓尺寸為M27或以下，使用公制粗牙螺紋。Girth flange bolting shall be of stud bolt type, threaded full length, and at least M16 for flange of 600 mm and smaller inside diameter and at least M20 for over 600 mm inside diameter flange. All nozzle flange and girth flange bolts shall be of stud bolt type.翼緣法蘭螺栓應(yīng)為雙頭螺栓，螺紋為全長型，內(nèi)徑600mm或以下的法蘭的螺栓至少為M16，內(nèi)徑600mm以上的法蘭的螺栓至少為M20。所有設(shè)備口法蘭及翼緣法蘭螺栓應(yīng)為雙頭螺栓。Threads of bolts and nuts shall be coated before installation with antigalling agent.在安裝前螺栓的螺紋及螺母應(yīng)用防磨損劑包覆。 Supports支撐Saddles, lugs or legs for pressure vessels shall be as per the tables in Vessel Standard. For vessels which meet all the conditions stipulated in the tables such as maximum weight orsaddleheight, strength calculations may not be submitted to Purchaser.壓力容器的承臺、吊耳或支腿應(yīng)符合容器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的表格的要求。對于滿足表格所有條件，如最大重量、承臺高度、強(qiáng)度計(jì)算等的容器，可以不報買方。 Miscellaneous其它External shell attachments such as lifting lugs, clips for platforms/ladders and piping supports, insulation support rings, etc. shall be provided as required.外殼體附件如吊耳、平臺/梯子的卡具及管道支架、保溫支承圈等應(yīng)符合要求。Tailing lugs shall be provided for vertical vessels, towers and reactors of mass 10,000 kg and over.對于重量為10000kg或以上的立式容器、塔、反應(yīng)器應(yīng)有凸耳。Lifting lugs and tailing lugs shall be designed taking account of vessel weight and lifting method, etc.Materials, procedures of welding them to the shell and inspection method shall also be carefully checked. The shock factor of , as minimum, shall be considered in the design of lugs and shell.在設(shè)計(jì)吊耳及凸耳時應(yīng)考慮容器重量及吊裝方法等。吊耳及凸耳的材料及同殼體焊接的程序及檢測方法應(yīng)仔細(xì)檢查。According to Purchaser’s information, Vendor shall check the strength of the vessels during transportation and field erection, and provide necessary reinforcements prior to shipment. The shock factor of , as minimum, shall be considered in these design. Vendor shall submit such strength calculations to Purchaser.根據(jù)買方信息，賣方在容器運(yùn)輸及現(xiàn)場安裝過程中應(yīng)檢查容器強(qiáng)度，并在運(yùn)輸前進(jìn)行必要的加固。賣方應(yīng)向買方遞交強(qiáng)度計(jì)算。When specified in Purchaser’s requisition, vendor shall design platforms amp。 ladders and lugs for them in accordance with Purchaser’s platform amp。 ladder arrangement drawings.如果買方有要求，賣方應(yīng)根據(jù)買方平臺及梯子布置圖設(shè)計(jì)平臺、梯子及凸耳。In general, vessels shall be provided with two earth lugs.一般情況下容器應(yīng)有兩個接地耳。4 FABRICATION制作 Plate Layout排板Shell plates shall be laid out so that there will be a minimum of welded seams.殼板布置應(yīng)使焊縫最小Longitudinal and circumferential welded seams shall not interfere with nozzle openings, reinforcement plates andsaddlepads, as far as possible. If the seams is covered with reinforcement plates orsaddlepads under Purchaser’s approval, they shall be ground flush with shell surface and radiographically examined in full length prior to welding of plates or pads.縱向及環(huán)形焊縫應(yīng)盡可能不防礙設(shè)備口、加強(qiáng)板、支承墊等。如果經(jīng)過同意焊縫被加強(qiáng)板或支承墊覆蓋，在焊接加強(qiáng)板或支承墊前應(yīng)對焊縫進(jìn)行打磨并探傷。Longitudinal welded seams on adjacent shell segments shall be separated by at least 4 times the wall thickness of the thicker plate but not less than 100 mm.相鄰殼段上的縱向焊縫應(yīng)相隔最厚板壁厚的4倍但不小于100mm。Longitudinal and circumferential welded seams shall be kept out of the internal welds insofar as practical, and shall be so located that they can be easily inspected with internals in place.縱向及環(huán)向焊縫應(yīng)避開內(nèi)部焊縫，且在內(nèi)件安裝后便于檢查。 Forming成型Selection of hot or cold forming of materials may be made by Vendor, but heat treatment after forming shall conform to the requirements of applicable material specifications.材料的熱成型或冷成型的選擇由賣方進(jìn)行，但成型后熱處理應(yīng)符合相關(guān)材料規(guī)范的要求。Austenitic stainless steel including clad plate shall generally be subjected to cold forming. If hot forming is unavoidable, solution heat treatment after forming shall be employed subject to Purchaser’s approval.奧氏體不銹鋼包括包裝板通常使用冷成型。如果必須使用熱成型，應(yīng)根據(jù)買方批準(zhǔn)在成型后進(jìn)行熱處理。Austenitic stainless forging shall require solution heat treatnment.奧氏體不銹鋼的鍛造需進(jìn)行熱處理。A formed head shall generally be made of single plate.成型的封頭通常應(yīng)用單板制作。In case head diameter is equal to or larger than 1300 mm, Vendors in China may provide minimum number of welding seams for formed heads provided such seams shall be fully inspected by radiography and confirm soundness before forming.在封頭直徑等于或大于1300mm時，成型的封頭上可有最小數(shù)量的焊縫，但成型前需進(jìn)行射線探傷以確定完全堅(jiān)固。When temporary attachments are required during the forming work, they shall be welded to the shell plate using thesame welding procedures as for the main seams. After removing these attachments, the surface shall be ground flush and examined by magnetic particle method. In case of high alloy steel or nonferrous materials, liquid penetrate method can be substituted.在成型過程中需要臨時附件，應(yīng)使用同主焊縫的相同焊接程序?qū)⑴R時附件焊到殼板上。在拆除這些附件后，對表面進(jìn)行打磨并進(jìn)行磁粉探傷。在使用高合金鋼或無鐵材料時，可用滲透探傷進(jìn)行檢測。 Welding焊接Vendor shall obtain Purchaser’s approval for start of welding.賣方在焊接前應(yīng)先獲得買方批準(zhǔn)。As a rule, vessels shall be welded by fusion arc process.作為規(guī)定，容器應(yīng)用熔接弧焊工藝進(jìn)行焊接。Welding procedures and welders shall be qualified in accordance with the specified code or standard.焊接程序及焊工應(yīng)符合指定的規(guī)范或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。Pressure holding seams shall normally be fullpenetration doublewelded butt joints. Singlewelded butt joints which ensure fullpenetration may be used, where doublewelded butt joints are impractical. Butt joint with backing strip needs to obtain Purchaser’s prior written approval.通常情況下，應(yīng)力焊縫應(yīng)使用兩遍對接焊并完全焊透。在兩遍對接焊不切實(shí)際的情況下，可使用一遍對接焊，但需保證完全焊透。Welding electrodes and wires shall have chemical positions and mechanical properties equal to or of higher grade than the base material.焊條及焊絲的化學(xué)成分及機(jī)械性能應(yīng)同母材的等級相同或更高。Welding procedures shall be selected to minimize the residual stresses insofar as practical.在選擇焊接工藝時應(yīng)使殘余應(yīng)力最小化。Preheating shall be carried out for carbon and low alloy steel welding where required. Preheating temperature shall be kept uniform from the start to the end of welding.在進(jìn)行碳鋼及低合金鋼的焊接時應(yīng)進(jìn)行預(yù)熱。預(yù)熱溫度在焊接開始到結(jié)束期間應(yīng)保持均衡。 Heat Treatment熱處理Unless otherwise stated, postweld heat treatment shall be carried out in accordance with the applicable codes or standards.除非另有規(guī)定，應(yīng)根據(jù)相關(guān)規(guī)范或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求進(jìn)行焊后熱處理。No welding shall be performed on vessels after the final postweld heat treatment without Purchaser’s approval.未得到買方允許，在最終焊后熱處理后不得在容器上進(jìn)行任何焊接。The gasket fa