【正文】 間分別為：tu1, tu2….，則系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)可用性，如式（）所示。 Ass=Tup/(Tup+Tdown) ()Tup為成功運(yùn)行的時(shí)間總和；Tdown為失敗的時(shí)間總和。如果引人系統(tǒng)平均無(wú)故障時(shí)間MTTF和平均維修時(shí)間MTTR的概念，則（）式將會(huì)改變，如式（）所示。 Ass=MTTF/（MTTF＋MTTR） ()平均維修時(shí)間MTTR的是修復(fù)一個(gè)故障平均需要用的時(shí)間，它取決于維護(hù)人員的技術(shù)水平和對(duì)系統(tǒng)的熟悉程度，也和系統(tǒng)的可維護(hù)性有重要關(guān)系。平均無(wú)故障時(shí)間MTTF是系統(tǒng)按規(guī)格說明書規(guī)定成功地運(yùn)行的平均時(shí)間，它主要取決于系統(tǒng)中潛伏的錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)目，因此和測(cè)試的關(guān)系十分密切。 估算平均無(wú)故障時(shí)間的方法軟件的平均無(wú)故障時(shí)間MTTF是一個(gè)重要的質(zhì)量指標(biāo)，往往作為對(duì)軟件的一項(xiàng)要求，由用戶提出來(lái)。為了估算 MTTF，首先引入一些有關(guān)的量。在估算MTTF的過程中使用下述符號(hào)表示有關(guān)的數(shù)量：——————測(cè)試之前程序中錯(cuò)誤總數(shù)；——————程序長(zhǎng)度（機(jī)器指令總數(shù)）；————————測(cè)試（包括調(diào)試）時(shí)間；——————在0至期間發(fā)現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)； ————在0至期間改正的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)；經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，平均無(wú)故障時(shí)間與單位長(zhǎng)度程序中剩余的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)成反比，如式（）所示。 MTTF＝1/(K*(Et/ItEc/It)) ()其中K為常數(shù)，它的值應(yīng)該根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)選取。美國(guó)的一些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明，K的典型值是200。估算平均無(wú)故障時(shí)間的公式，可以評(píng)價(jià)軟件測(cè)試的進(jìn)展情況。 MTTF和ASS的估算對(duì)酒店管理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行為期10天的集成測(cè)試，平均每天測(cè)試2個(gè)小時(shí)。在測(cè)試期間記錄了數(shù)據(jù)如下：（1）在測(cè)試之前程序存在20條錯(cuò)誤。（2）程序中指令的長(zhǎng)度為24000行。（3）測(cè)試了10天每天2個(gè)小時(shí)共20小時(shí)，期間維護(hù)了5次共花費(fèi)5小時(shí)。（4）在測(cè)試期間發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正了18條錯(cuò)誤。綜合上述測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)。Ass= Tup/(Tup+Tdown)=20/(20+5)=。MTTF＝1/(200*(20/2400018/24000))=60小時(shí)結(jié) 論本系統(tǒng)功能基本符合酒店管理的需求，管理員能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)酒店基本信息修改、結(jié)算等操作，而操作員登錄后也可實(shí)現(xiàn)房間查詢、入住退房等操作。數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可以根據(jù)用戶的操作自動(dòng)更新，確保數(shù)據(jù)的一致性，提高工作效率，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中小型企業(yè)酒店日常的基本操作輔助任務(wù)。本系統(tǒng)通過使用C.NET進(jìn)行編程，與Windows系列操作系統(tǒng)有良好的兼容性，通過調(diào)用系統(tǒng)自帶dataGridView控件來(lái)綁定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)添加、刪除、查詢、更新數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)等操作，保證了良好的穩(wěn)定性和安全性。系統(tǒng)窗體調(diào)用為Windows應(yīng)用窗體調(diào)用，系統(tǒng)本身安全性更優(yōu)越于C/S結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)。本系統(tǒng)很多地方還存在不足。比如訂房模塊，電話費(fèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)，客房服務(wù)，支票結(jié)賬，信用卡消費(fèi)，客戶信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)驗(yàn)證，叫早服務(wù)，消費(fèi)項(xiàng)等模塊并沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，還需要進(jìn)一步的完善。還有對(duì)于論文中涉及到的一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)了解不夠多，這些都有待進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。致 謝四年的學(xué)習(xí)生涯馬上就要畫上句號(hào)了，畢業(yè)前所有的努力與付出都凝聚在這畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)里面。相信它雖然算不上上乘之作，但的確是我用心血澆灌的答卷。這里面更有我的論文指導(dǎo)老師***老師的耐心點(diǎn)撥和誠(chéng)懇建議，正是在她不遺余力的幫助下，論文的思路從混亂到清晰，語(yǔ)言從瑣碎到凝練，一步步接近成熟。感謝徐老師。在整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)過程中，遇到過很多障礙，挫折，但是進(jìn)過仔細(xì)的查證，翻找一些實(shí)用案例，和其他同學(xué)進(jìn)行交流溝通最終使問題迎刃而解。經(jīng)過反復(fù)的測(cè)試，一個(gè)完整的系統(tǒng)終于完成了，這種成就感著實(shí)讓自己欣喜了一番，當(dāng)然系統(tǒng)仍然存在一些不足，需要我在今后的學(xué)習(xí)過程中來(lái)完善改進(jìn)。作為計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生，對(duì)不同層次和不同的要求，均要有不同的設(shè)計(jì)。任何事情不能一定要追求一種將所有的事情在一個(gè)系統(tǒng)里面都能解決的結(jié)果，這樣做的行為只會(huì)導(dǎo)致最終一事無(wú)成或者推遲成果的出世。哲學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)和自然科學(xué)的方法論也沒有這樣要求，任何技術(shù)都是不斷進(jìn)步的，任何成果都是要在不同的時(shí)期補(bǔ)充新鮮的東西才能有生命力的。需要做的就是不斷的補(bǔ)充完善最初的成果，不斷的將新的知識(shí)補(bǔ)充到設(shè)計(jì)的軟件之中，這樣才能更好地服務(wù)工作和社會(huì)。老師的諄諄教導(dǎo)和殷殷鼓勵(lì)同樣給了我莫大的支持，她嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度使我深受啟發(fā)；感謝以及各位任課老師，他們豐厚的知識(shí)積累和敬業(yè)精神，給予了我很多的教益。 同時(shí)也感謝我的同學(xué)們，正是和他們四年的朝夕相處，一起上課一起討論問題，讓我逐漸有了對(duì)問題的思考意識(shí)，從而更好地規(guī)劃自己的學(xué)業(yè)。四年的求學(xué)時(shí)光給我留下了美好的回憶，它將成為我今后人生旅途中新的起點(diǎn)。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 鄭阿奇，C實(shí)用教程．電子工業(yè)出版社，2008：P156162[2] 黃興榮．C程序設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用教程．清華大學(xué)出版社，2009：P3579[3] 馬駿．C程序設(shè)計(jì)及應(yīng)用教程．人民郵電出版社，2009：P4356 [4] 東方人華．SQL與C.NET數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)入門與提高．清華大學(xué)出版社．：P1326.[5] 蔣文沛．SQL Server2005實(shí)用教程．人民郵電出版社，2009：P6685[6] 鄒建．中文版SQL Server 2005開發(fā)管理實(shí)例．人民郵電出版社．：P2028.[7] 劉衛(wèi)宏．SQL SERVER 2005實(shí)用教程．科學(xué)出版社．：P60123. [8] 薩師煊，王珊．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)概論．高等教育出版社．2002：P203242附 錄附錄A JSP IntroductionJSP is the abbreviation of Java Server Pages. It is the technical standards of dynamic web page. Adding Java programs and JSP marks to the traditional HTML web page files makes JSP web page. The synthesis application network superiority and the user carry on the interaction Moreover JSP is opposite to the traditional homepage manufacture technology says, it has the obvious merit. JSP not like CGI, ISAPI and NSAPI equally difficulty with piles and the maintenance, simultaneously equally only cannot adapt the small current capacity website like PHP, moreover has the good expansion, also equally does not receive the cross platform like ASP the limit, has solved this cross platform bottleneck. JSP has manifested now the most advanced website development webserver meets with request for linking JSP, it first executes the program parts. Then it brings the results back to the client with the aid of HTML. All programs are executed at servers.The JSP inherits title the Java faces to the procedure speech of the object and the advantage of the crossplatform, bine can with close match in language in this marking in super text, pare with traditional the procedure of CGI, the JSP was significant to not only weave to write, carry out easy, but also increase the system carries out the ability. JSP technique has powerful functions and flexible ways of using. It provides a simple and direct way for the construction of the web page that can display dynamic Pages (JSP) technology, Sun39。s presentation model and part of the J2EE platform, has received significant attention.Above all, JSP technology is about separating content from presentation, foremost in Sun39。s published set of goals for JSP pages. In fact, JSP design stemmed directly from the plaints of developers who were tired of typing (“htmlheadtitle”+ ()+“/title/headhtml”)。into their servlet code. This mixing of hardcoded content with runtime variables presented a horrible burden on servlet developers. It also made making even minor changes to the presentation layer difficult for the developer.Second on the JSP technology39。s list of features is something that might raise a bit of concern. JSP coding lets you insert Java code directly into a page of markup. To understand why this decision was made, recall that when the JSP specification was being developed, Sun39。s petition from Microsoft was at an alltime high, primarily due to the success of Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP). The similarity of the name JavaServer Pages to Active Server Pages was not merely coincidental. And the ability to mimic many of ASP39。s features was also intentional. So JSP authors were given the option to add Java code into their markup.A final (and admirable) goal of JSP technology worth mentioning is that it seeks to establish clearly defined roles in the application development process. By ostensibly breaking content from presentation, JSP technology creates a clearer distinction between the designer and developer. The designer creates markup, using only standard HTML, WML, or whatever language is appropriate, and the developer writes code. Of course, many designers today have learned JavaScript, so it should e as no surprise that many of these same designers have begun to learn JSP coding. Often, instead of just doing pure markup, they encode a plete JSP page and hand it over to the developer. Then the usual tweaking takes place, and the developer puts the JSP page into place as a frontend for some por