北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定的缺點-資料下載頁
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【正文】 FDI) in NAFTA countries (stock) was $ billion in 2009 (latest data available), up % from 2008.[3]The US direct investment in NAFTA countries is in nonbank holding panies, and in the manufacturing, finance/insurance, and mining sectors.[3]Theforeign direct investmentof Canada and Mexico in the United States (stock) was $ billion in 2009 (the latest data available), up % from 2008.[3][1]JobsMany American small businesses depend on exporting their products to Canada or Mexico under NAFTA. According to theUS Trade Representative, this trade supports over 140,000 small and mediumsized businesses in the US.[2]According to theEconomic Policy Institute,California,Texas,Michiganand other states with high concentrations of manufacturing jobs were most affected by job loss due to NAFTA.[28]EnvironmentFor more details on this topic, seeNAFTA39。s Impact on the Environment.Overall, none of the initial hypotheses were confirmed.[citation needed]NAFTA did not inherently present a systemic threat to the North American environment, as was originally feared. NAFTArelated environmental threats instead occurred in specific areas where government environmental policy, infrastructure, or mechanisms were unprepared for the increasing scale of production under trade liberalization.[citation needed]In some cases, environmental policy was neglected in the wake of trade liberalization。 in other cases, NAFTA39。s measures for investment protection, such as Chapter 11, and measures against nontariff trade barriers threatened to discourage more vigorous environmental policy.[29]The most serious overall increases in pollution due to NAFTA were found in the base metals sector, the Mexican petroleum sector, and the transportation equipment sector in the United States and Mexico, but not in Canada.[30]Mobility of personsAccording to theDepartment of Homeland SecurityYearbook of Immigration Statistics, during fiscal year 2006 (., October 2005 through September 2006), 73,880 foreign professionals (64,633 Canadians and 9,247 Mexicans) were admitted into the United States for temporary employment under NAFTA (., in theTN status). Additionally, 17,321 of their family members (13,136 Canadians, 2,904 Mexicans, as well as a number of thirdcountry nationals married to Canadians and Mexicans) entered the . in the treaty national39。s dependent (TD) status.[31]Because DHS counts the number of the newI94 arrival recordsfilled at the border, and the TN1 admission is valid for three years, the number of nonimmigrants in TN status present in the . at the end of the fiscal year is approximately equal to the number of admissions during the year. (A discrepancy may be caused by some TN entrants leaving the country or changing status before their threeyear admission period has expired, while other immigrants admitted earlier may change their statustoTN or TD, or extend TN status granted earlier).Canadian authorities estimated that, as of December 1, 2006, a total of 24,830 . citizens and 15,219 Mexican citizens were present in Canada as foreign workers. These numbers include both entrants under the NAFTA agreement and those who have entered under other provisions of the Canadian immigration law.[32]New entries of foreign workers in 2006 were 16,841 (. citizens) and 13,933 (Mexicans).[33]（1）NAFTA沒有幫助墨西哥經(jīng)濟不斷滿足工作增長的需求；（2）NAFTA所帶來的生產(chǎn)率的提高沒有轉(zhuǎn)換為工資的增加；（3）NAFTA沒有成功阻止向美國的移民；（4）NAFTA在環(huán)境管制方面證明缺乏依據(jù)；（5）NAFTA并未使墨西哥農(nóng)業(yè)向現(xiàn)代出口導(dǎo)向發(fā)展種獲得預(yù)期的環(huán)境收
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