【正文】 archical Bengali middle class man, writes a letter while she is traveling (which constitutes the whole story). It details the pettiness of her life and struggles。 she finally declares that she will not return to her husband39。s home with the statement Amio bachbo. Ei bachlum (And I shall live. Here, I live).In Haimanti, Tagore takes on the institution of Hindu marriage, describing the dismal lifelessness of married Bengali women, hypocrisies plaguing the Indian middle classes, and how Haimanti, a sensitive young woman, must—due to her sensitiveness and free spirit—sacrifice her life. In the last passage, Tagore directly attacks the Hindu custom of glorifying Sita39。s attempted selfimmolation as a means of appeasing her husband Rama39。s doubts. Tagore also examines HinduMuslim tensions in Musalmani Didi, which in many ways embodies the essence of Tagore39。s humanism. On the other hand, Darpaharan exhibits Tagore39。s selfconsciousness, describing a young man harboring literary ambitions. Though he loves his wife, he wishes to stifle her own literary career, deeming it unfeminine. Tagore himself, in his youth, seems to have harbored similar ideas about women. Darpaharan depicts the final humbling of the man via his acceptance of his wife39。s talents. As many other Tagore stories, Jibito o Mrito provides the Bengalis with one of their more widely used epigrams: Kadombini moriya proman korilo she more nai (Kadombini died, thereby proved that she hadn39。t).[edit] PoetryBāul folk singers in Santiniketan during the annual Holi festival.Tagore39。s poetry—which varied in style from classical formalism to the ic, visionary, and ecstatic—proceeds out a lineage established by 15th and 16thcentury Vai??ava poets. Tagore was also influenced by the mysticism of the rishiauthors who—including Vyasa—wrote the Upanishads, the BhaktaSufi mystic Kabir, and Ramprasad.[65] Yet Tagore39。s poetry became most innovative and mature after his exposure to rural Bengal39。s folk music, which included ballads sung by Bāul folk singers—especially the bard Lālan ?āh.[66][67] These—which were rediscovered and popularised by Tagore—resemble 19thcentury Kartābhajā hymns that emphasize inward divinity and rebellion against religious and social orthodoxy.[68][69] During his Shilaidaha years, his poems took on a lyrical quality, speaking via the maner manus (the Bāuls39。 man within the heart) or meditating upon the jivan devata (living God within). This figure thus sought connection with divinity through appeal to nature and the emotional interplay of human drama. Tagore used such techniques in his Bhānusi?ha poems (which chronicle the romance between Radha and Krishna), which he repeatedly revised over the course of seventy years.[70][71]Later, Tagore responded to the (mostly) crude emergence of modernism and realism in Bengali literature by writing experimental works in the 1930s.[72] Examples works include Africa and Camalia, which are among the better known of his latter poems. He also occasionally wrote poems using Shadhu Bhasha (a Sanskritised dialect of Bengali)。 later, he began using Cholti Bhasha (a more popular dialect). Other notable works include Manasi, Sonar Tori (Golden Boat), Balaka (Wild Geese—the title being a metaphor for migrating souls),[73] and Purobi. Sonar Tori39。s most famous poem—dealing with the ephemeral nature of life and achievement—goes by the same name。 it ends with the haunting phrase ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? / ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? (Shunno nodir tire rohinu po?i / Jaha chhilo loe g234。lo shonar tori—all I had achieved was carried off on the golden boat—only I was left behind.). Internationally, Gitanjali (Bengali: ?????????) is Tagore39。s bestknown collection, winning him his Nobel Prize.[74] Song VII (????????? 127) of Gitanjali:Title page of the 1913 Macmillan edition of Tagore39。s Gitanjali.???? ? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???, ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? Amar e gan chhe?echhe tar sh244。kol 244。longkar Tomar kachhe rakhe ni ar shajer 244。hongkar 212。longkar je majhe p244。?e mil244。nete a?al k244。re, Tomar k244。tha ?hake je tar mukh244。ro jh244。ngkar. Tomar kachhe kha?e na mor kobir g244。rbo k244。ra, M244。hakobi, tomar paee dite chai je dh244。ra. Jibon loe j244。ton kori jodi sh244。rol b227。shi go?i, Apon shure dibe bhori s244。kol chhidro tar. Freeverse translation by Tagore (Gitanjali, verse VII):[75]My song has put off her adornments. She has no pride of dress and decoration. Ornaments would mar our union。 they would e between thee and me。 their jingling would drown thy whispers. My poet39。s vanity dies in shame before thy sight. O master poet, I have sat down at thy feet. Only let me make my life simple and straight, like a flute of reed for thee to fill with music. Klanti (Bengali: ????????。 Fatigue), the sixth poem in Gitali, reads:???????? ???? ????? ???,?????, ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????, ?? ????? ????? ???,????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???,?????, ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ??????? ????? ???, ????? ??? ??????? Klanti amar kh244。ma k244。ro, probhu P244。the jodi pichhie po?i kobhu Ei je hia th244。ro th244。ro k227。pe aji 234。mont244。ro, Ei bedona kh244。ma k244。ro, kh244。ma k244。ro probhu. Ei dinota kh244。ma k244。ro, probhu, Pichhonpane takai jodi kobhu. Diner tape roudrojalae shukae mala pujar thalae, Shei mlanota kh244。ma k244。ro, kh244。ma k244。ro, probhu. Tagore39。s poetry has been set to music by various posers, among them classical poser Arthur Shepherd39。s triptych for soprano and string quartet, as well as poser Garry Schyman39。s Praan, an adaptation of Tagore39。s poem Stream of Life from Gitanjali. The l