【正文】
我們雙擊左邊,項目下的“IO設(shè)備組態(tài)”,(1)所示對框。(1)雙擊力控,(2)的界面(2)我們可以設(shè)置“設(shè)備名稱”為‘PLC’ 在設(shè)備地址處,我們可以定義為“1”。單擊完成。這樣一個簡單的驅(qū)動就完成了。在IoManager出現(xiàn)了名稱為“PLC”的設(shè)備,如圖(3),重新回到開發(fā)系統(tǒng),單擊“數(shù)據(jù)庫組態(tài)”進(jìn)入了“Dbmanager”,(4)(4)我們雙擊“NAME”下的空白處會彈出“點名稱”(5)(5)本次上位機(jī)的設(shè)計包含了18閣數(shù)字開關(guān)量和5個模擬量,當(dāng)我們選中的開關(guān)量為模擬量時,我們選擇模擬I/O點,電極“繼續(xù)”進(jìn)入“新增點設(shè)計”的對話框(6)我們可以設(shè)置點名稱和點說明,方便識別,我們再點擊數(shù)據(jù)連接,可以看見如圖(7)在數(shù)據(jù)連接中,我們可以看見,我們之前設(shè)置的PLC仿真設(shè)備,我們只需要再繼續(xù)連接“連接項”電點擊“增加”(8)所示的的對話框,這就是我們所需要設(shè)置的模擬量的屬性(8)設(shè)置完成屬性后我們點擊確認(rèn),(9)所示(9)模擬量與數(shù)字量的定義基本類似,(10)所示的內(nèi)容(10)保存以上的設(shè)置,并退出回到開發(fā)系統(tǒng) 雙擊某個指示燈,會打開“電子管式指示燈”(1)所示(1)單擊瀏覽指示,可以得到一個名叫“變量選擇”(2)所示(2)通過變量選擇,可以將每閣精靈畫面同變量連接起來,從而使得變量有生命,通過變量選擇,使所有的報警燈,按鈕等,同數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)結(jié)起來、趨勢數(shù)據(jù)記錄 我們首先雙擊窗口創(chuàng)建實時趨勢如圖(3)確定完成之后點擊“選擇精靈”(4)所示的 (4)我們雙擊“趨勢曲線”就出現(xiàn)了曲線,如圖所示(5)可以選擇客戶要求趨勢曲線,雙擊趨勢曲線,則可以在畫面中生成趨勢曲線, 雙擊可以進(jìn)入屬性設(shè)計,如圖53(7)圖53(7)可以設(shè)置成為功率因數(shù)的實時趨勢。定義變量部分。 力控組態(tài)報表可實現(xiàn)形勢復(fù)雜的各種報表格式,我們可以通過工具箱上的“常用組態(tài)”選擇專家報表,如圖53(7)。圖53(7)圖53(8)得到了原始報表界面如圖53(8),我們就可以對保鏢進(jìn)行編輯,我們先雙擊原始的報表界面如圖53(9)所示,由于我們報表的內(nèi)容是反映上位組態(tài)中各量的,所以我們要送數(shù)據(jù)庫中采集數(shù)據(jù),所以我們選用力控數(shù)據(jù)庫報表。圖53(9)進(jìn)入了力控數(shù)據(jù)庫報表向?qū)ВM(jìn)入到圖53(10)所在的界面“報表向?qū)?第二步”,報表向?qū)У牡诙街甘驹O(shè)置報表行與列的參數(shù)。圖53(10)在報表向?qū)У?第三步(見圖53(11)),我們就可以設(shè)置我們所需要報表的格式,我們可以自己選定日,周,月,年報表方式,此外還可以對報表經(jīng)行最后統(tǒng)計,單元格取值類型可以是瞬時值,也可以是平均值,最大值或最小值。單擊下一步。圖53(11)在向?qū)У牡谒牟剑ㄒ妶D53(12)),中設(shè)置時間格式,基準(zhǔn)行與基準(zhǔn)列,其中基準(zhǔn)行列是設(shè)定從報表第幾行第幾列生成報表.圖53(12)完成第四步后,我們開始最后的報表完成如圖53(13),這里是選擇數(shù)據(jù)源和變量,選擇我們需要在報表中體現(xiàn)什么內(nèi)容。我們將所有點列表全部添加。圖53(13)我們將所有點列表全部添加之后,點擊完成,就出現(xiàn)了如圖圖53(14)所示內(nèi)容。53(14)設(shè)計總結(jié)本次設(shè)計的無功補償PLC控制系統(tǒng)是以PLC為核心,plc控制的方式靈活、簡單、實用。此設(shè)計的無功補償系統(tǒng)能夠既能電網(wǎng)正常時能保證功率因數(shù)在合理范圍內(nèi),又能在電網(wǎng)電壓不滿足條件時切除控制系統(tǒng)保護(hù)自身,同時,還可以進(jìn)行手動投切,滿足多樣化的控制方式。此外還擁有上位機(jī),能夠隨時查看各組電容器的投切狀態(tài)。而主電路一次測的電壓電流,以及功率因數(shù),和二次側(cè)的諧波數(shù)據(jù)。此設(shè)計系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方式為循環(huán)檢測方式,當(dāng)電壓超低限或者諧波電壓諧波電流超上線,控制系統(tǒng)切除所有電容器并報警。在此次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計剛開始的時候由于我沒有弄明白無功補償具體的工作過程,在設(shè)計硬件電路時沒有多大的問題,到后來開始編寫程序也遇到了很大的問題,尤其是數(shù)據(jù)測量這塊,但最終又經(jīng)過一番認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的翻閱相關(guān)資料后我解決了這個問題,這也使得我認(rèn)識到自己的不足。這次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計我基本完成了所有的設(shè)計任務(wù),實現(xiàn)了基本的功能,但是由于我自己水平有限,在編寫程序是會有一些錯誤希望批評指正。不論是硬件設(shè)計還是軟件設(shè)計與實際的無功補償系統(tǒng)有很大的差距,由于我時間沒有好好把握,最后只能做到此程度。通過這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計,不僅加深了對PLC控制技術(shù)的理解,而且掌握了做一項基本的設(shè)計所要經(jīng)歷的步驟,進(jìn)行課題分析、查閱資料,進(jìn)行軟件和硬件的設(shè)計,整理說明書直到最后完成整個設(shè)計。作為大學(xué)階段一次重要的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷我受益非淺,同時也發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己在學(xué)習(xí)上的不足,如在學(xué)習(xí)上不夠認(rèn)真仔細(xì),不重視細(xì)節(jié)等等許多的問題,但同時也增強(qiáng)了我的發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,分析問題,解決問題的能力。這次設(shè)計對我的鍛煉是多方面的,除了對設(shè)計過程熟悉外,我還進(jìn)一步提高了CAD、VISO 等軟件的使用,說明書編輯,各種信息的采集和分析,對WORD文檔的使用等多方面的能力。在不久的將來我就要走上工作崗位,這樣的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會對我來說已經(jīng)沒有了,我們非常重視。經(jīng)過幾個月的努力最后終于完成了基本的設(shè)計任務(wù)。當(dāng)然這次的設(shè)計也有許多的不足和優(yōu)化的地方,若將此系統(tǒng)稍加改動,增加RS232接口電路,就可以與打印機(jī)相連,實時的各個狀態(tài),由于我的硬件比較復(fù)雜,水平有限沒有去實現(xiàn)這一功能。如果再應(yīng)用模糊控制技術(shù)加入到無功補償?shù)目刂葡到y(tǒng),這樣的補償系統(tǒng)可用性就大大提高!由于本人整體能力有限,在短短的幾個月里完成這么復(fù)雜的控制系統(tǒng),一定存在缺點和不足,望老師和同學(xué)批評指正。參考文獻(xiàn)[1]:重慶大學(xué)出版社,1995[2]:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2005[3]:西北工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,2000[4]SIEMENS S7200 用戶手冊[6][J].輕金屬,1994[7]:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2010[8]:[9]:[10]:[11]:外文翻譯英文原文Ore furnace partIn industry, most of the electrical equipment belong to the inductive load, these equipment in operation to absorbLarge amount of reactive power, while in large metallurgical enterprises, the ore heat furnace is a kind of power consumption of huge industrial furnace according to the industrial furnace structure characteristics and work characteristics, ore furnace natural power factor is difficult to reach more than , most of the natural power factor are between ~, lower power factor not only makes the transformer efficiency, consume a large amount of useless. Reactive power to increase the power factor of the power supply system is reduced, thus the system voltage drop, the equipments can not be sufficiently utilized, increasing line loss and reduce power supply equipment 39。s power supply etc.The local reactive power pensation, improve the power factor of loss reducing and energy saving is very important. Ore furnace energy saving principle of ore furnace electrical system is mainly posed of smelting transformer, short net, electrode and the molten pool is posed of four parts. Alternating current are respectively posed of three electrodes into the furnace, the current passes through the electrode and the electrode charge in bottom electrode electric arc, the arc under the action of high temperature, charge produces a chemical reaction in a variety of pounds such as ferrosilicon, silicon carbide, etc.. Smelting transformer short, is part of the inductive load, consume large amount of reactive power. While the reactive power loss takes active, not only affect the productQuality and yield, and the smelting transformer using efficiency is reduced, energy consumption increased . If the electrode and short between the parallel capacitor group of reactive power pensation, then, it can improve power factor, reduce the line loss, improve the electrode voltage to ground, so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption, this is the focus of the reactive power pensation of low voltage shunt capacitor pensation in the working principleThe manner of reactive power pensationAccording to the basic knowledge of electrical, power factor cosΦ=R /R2+X2, R is the resistance. Includes four parts: Transformer resistance, current network resistance, resistance and the charge of molten bath resistance. X is the reactance, includes three aspects: Transformer reactance, equipment and furnace reactance reactance. To improve the cosΦ, one is to increase the resistance R. But if improving transformer resistance, current resistor network, only the conductor bees hot, the loss of power.Plus, the electric efficiency is reduced, therefore, the two part to try to reduce, so to improve the R only from the technology measures to improve molten pool and furnace charge resistance。 two is to reduce the reactance, the dominant electric furnace transformer secondary side two current loop equipment reactance value of the total reactance value from 60% to70%, so the electric furnace transformer reactance should be as low as possible. In EAF process parameters and equipment parameters has been established, to improve the power factor of system, the most effective way is to increase the power capacitor reactive power pensation. The electric furnace.Reactive power pensation in three ways, high pressur