【正文】 at represent unusual events. Anomalous data should be examined carefully because it may carry important information.artificial neural networksNonlinear predictive models that learn through training and resemble biological neural networks in structure.CARTClassification and Regression Trees. A decision tree technique used for classification of a dataset. Provides a set of rules that you can apply to a new (unclassified) dataset to predict which records will have a given oute. Segments a dataset by creating 2way splits. Requires less data preparation than CHAID.CHAIDChi Square Automatic Interaction Detection. A decision tree technique used for classification of a dataset. Provides a set of rules that you can apply to a new (unclassified) dataset to predict which records will have a given oute. Segments a dataset by using chi square tests to create multiway splits. Preceded, and requires more data preparation than, CART.classificationThe process of dividing a dataset into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close as possible to one another, and different groups are as far as possible from one another, where distance is measured with respect to specific variable(s) you are trying to predict. For example, a typical classification problem is to divide a database of panies into groups that are as homogeneous as possible with respect to a creditworthiness variable with values Good and Bad.clustering The process of dividing a dataset into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close as possible to one another, and different groups are as far as possible from one another, where distance is measured with respect to all available variables.data cleansingThe process of ensuring that all values in a dataset are consistent and correctly recorded.data miningThe extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases. data navigationThe process of viewing different dimensions, slices, and levels of detail of a multidimensional database. See OLAP.data visualization The visual interpretation of plex relationships in multidimensional data.data warehouse A system for storing and delivering massive quantities of data.decision treeA treeshaped structure that represents a set of decisions. These decisions generate rules for the classification of a dataset. See CART and CHAID.dimensionIn a flat or relational database, each field in a record represents a dimension. In a multidimensional database, a dimension is a set of similar entities。 for example, a multidimensional sales database might include the dimensions Product, Time, and City.exploratory data analysisThe use of graphical and descriptive statistical techniques to learn about the structure of a dataset.genetic algorithmsOptimization techniques that use processes such as genetic bination, mutation, and natural selection in a design based on the concepts of natural evolution.linear modelAn analytical model that assumes linear relationships in the coefficients of the variables being studied. linear regressionA statistical technique used to find the bestfitting linear relationship between a target (dependent) variable and its predictors (independent variables).logistic regressionA linear regression that predicts the proportions of a categorical target variable, such as type of customer, in a population.multidimensional databaseA database designed for online analytical processing. Structured as a multidimensional hypercube with one axis per dimension.multiprocessor puterA puter that includes multiple processors connected by a network. See parallel processing.nearest neighborA technique that classifies each record in a dataset based on a bination of the classes of the k record(s) most similar to it in a historical dataset (where k 179。 1). Sometimes called a knearest neighbor technique.nonlinear modelAn analytical model that does not assume linear relationships in the coefficients of the variables being studied.OLAPOnline analytical processing. Refers to arrayoriented database applications that allow users to view, navigate through, manipulate, and analyze multidimensional databases.outlierA data item whose value falls outside the bounds enclosing most of the other corresponding values in the sample. May indicate anomalous data. Should be examined carefully。 may carry important information.parallel processingThe coordinated use of multiple processors to perform putational tasks. Parallel processing can occur on a multiprocessor puter or on a network of workstations or PCs.predictive modelA structure and process for predicting the values of specified variables in a dataset.prospective data analysisData analysis that predicts future trends, behaviors, or events based on historical data.RAIDRedundant Array of Inexpensive Disks. A technology for the efficient parallel storage of data for highperformance puter systems.retrospective data analysisData analysis that provides insights into trends, behaviors, or events that have already occurred.rule inductionThe extraction of useful ifthen rules from data based on statistical significance.SMPSymmetric multiprocessor. A type of multiprocessor puter in which memory is shared among the processors.terabyteOne trillion bytes.time series analysisThe analysis of a sequence of measurements made at specified time intervals. Time is usually the dominating dimension of the data.15 / 15