基于stcc單片機的太陽能智能充電系統(tǒng)外文翻譯-資料下載頁
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【正文】 RAM could potentially be used in microcontrollers as it has infinite endurance and its incremental semiconductor wafer process cost is relatively low. Volumes About 55% of all CPUs sold in the world are 8bit microcontrollers and microprocessors. According to Semico, over four billion 8bit microcontrollers were sold in 2020. A typical home in a developed country is likely to have only four generalpurpose microprocessors but around three dozen microcontrollers. A typical midrange automobile has as many as 30 or more microcontrollers. They can also be found in many electrical devices such as washing machines, microwave ovens, and telephones. Embedded design A microcontroller can be considered a selfcontained system with a processor, memory and peripherals and can be used as an embedded system.[1] The majority of microcontrollers in use today are embedded in other machinery, such as automobiles, telephones, appliances, and peripherals for puter systems. These are called embedded systems. While some embedded systems are very sophisticated, many have minimal requirements for memory and program length, with no operating system, and low software plexity. Typical input and output devices include switches, relays, solenoids, LEDs, small or custom LCD displays, radio frequency devices, and sensors for data such as temperature, humidity, light level etc. Embedded systems usually have no keyboard, screen, disks, printers, or other recognizable I/O devices of a personal puter, and may lack human interaction devices of any kind. 第 8 頁 (共 11 頁 ) Interrupts Microcontrollers must provide real time (predictable, though not necessarily fast) response to events in the embedded system they are controlling. When certain events occur, an interrupt system can signal the processor to suspend processing the current instruction sequence and to begin an interrupt service routine (ISR, or interrupt handler). The ISR will perform any processing required based on the source of the interrupt before returning to the original instruction sequence. Possible interrupt sources are device dependent, and often include events such as an internal timer overflow, pleting an analog to digital conversion, a logic level change on an input such as from a button being pressed, and data received on a munication link. Where power consumption is important as in battery operated devices, interrupts may also wake a microcontroller from a low power sleep state where the processor is halted until required to do something by a peripheral event. Programs Microcontroller programs must fit in the available onchip program memory, since it would be costly to provide a system with external, expandable, mem
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