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gh on the margin, in particular those containing fing, casting hard cortex cushion placed in ordinary lathe. If it is necessary to use CNC lathe machining, you need attention to process flexibility. 6. Fixture Installation Points Current hydraulic chuck and hydraulic clamping cylinder connection is achieved by bar, shown in Figure 1. Hydraulic chuck clamping, as follows: First, remove the hydraulic cylinder with the wrench on the nut, remove the trombone, and the backend from the spindle out, and then remove the chuck wrench screw, you can remove the card plate. Third, effective and reasonable Turning Effective to save processing time Index turning centers the pany39。s G200 integrated processing unit has a modular, highpower dualspindle, fouraxis linkage function, so that further reduce the processing time. With the other clamping axis by means of the concept of the work of the contrary, the use of the product integration of intelligent processing unit can automatically clamping the workpiece in place and processing. In other words, automatic setup, it will not affect the processing of another axis, a feature that could be shortened by about 10% of the processing time. In addition, the fouraxis machining very quickly, you can at the same time there are two tools for processing. When the machine is put into use in pairs, when efficiency bees more apparent. In other words, conventional turning and hard to set two cars can be a parallel machine. Conventional turning and hard car is the only difference between the turret and centralized coolant system thermostat. However, unlike conventional machining: conventional processing can be used two razors and a tailstock for processing。 while the hard car can only use a knife. In both types of machines can be carried out on a dry hard machining, but the program makers need to craft welldesigned balance of tact time, while the Index provided by the module structure of machine tools to make it more flexibility. In order to improve the productivity of highprecision With the continuous improvement of production efficiency, the user also made for a very high accuracy requirements. Using G200 turning centers for processing, the cold start up to postprocessing of 4 parts, you can achieve the tolerance of 177。 6mm. Machining process, the accuracy is usually maintained at 2mm. So Index offers to clients is a highprecision, high efficiency full program, while providing such highprecision program, requiring careful selection of spindle, bearings and other features. G200 turning centers in the German car manufacturer BMW Landshut39。s applications achieved good results. Production plant is not only the engine, but also the production by casting made of light metal parts, car plastic decorative pieces and steering shafts. The quality of supervisory staff that are very precise accuracy of its processing: Continuous tolerance band 177。 15mm, bearing tolerance of 177。 . In addition, the processing of universal joints used the Index39。s automatic intelligent processing unit. The first batch of two turning centers used to play the workpiece number of preprocessed prior to processing after online measurement, and then sent to roller conveyor teeth cleaning and quenched. The last one process, using a second Index processing systems. G200 Turning Center by two pairs of steering knuckle bearing hardBlock car. To plete online measurement in the machine, and then sent to the discharge unit. Integrated processing unit fully integrated into the layout of the shop, ergonomic requirements, covers an area of greatly reduced, and only two staff to look after manufacturing cell can be. 中文:一、 我國數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展史 我國從 1958 年起,由一批科研院所,高等學(xué)校和少數(shù)機床廠起步進行數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的研制和開發(fā)。由于受到當(dāng)時國產(chǎn)電子元器件水平低,部門經(jīng)濟等的制約,未能取得較大的發(fā)展。 在改革開放后,我國數(shù)控技術(shù)才逐步取得實質(zhì)性的發(fā)展。經(jīng)過“六五(8185 年)的引進國外技術(shù), “七五”(8690 年)的消化吸收和“八五”(91~一95 年)國家組織的科技攻關(guān),才使得我國的數(shù)控技術(shù)有了質(zhì)的飛躍,當(dāng)時通過國家攻關(guān)驗收和鑒定的產(chǎn)品包括北京珠峰公司的中華 I 型,華中數(shù)控公司的華中 I 型和沈陽高檔數(shù)控國家工程研究中心的藍天 I 型,以及其他通過“國家機床質(zhì)量監(jiān)督測試中心”測試合格的國產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)如南京四開公司的產(chǎn)品。 我國數(shù)控機床制造業(yè)在 80 年代曾有過高速發(fā)展的階段,許多機床廠從傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品實現(xiàn)向數(shù)控化產(chǎn)品的轉(zhuǎn)型。但總的來說,技術(shù)水平不高,質(zhì)量不佳,所以在 90 年代初期面臨國家經(jīng)濟由計劃性經(jīng)濟向市場經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)移調(diào)整,經(jīng)歷了幾年最困難的蕭條時期,那時生產(chǎn)能力降到 50%,庫存超過 4 個月。從 1 9 9 5 年“九五”以后國家從擴大內(nèi)需啟動機床市場,加強限制進口數(shù)控設(shè)備的審批,投資重點支持關(guān)鍵數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、設(shè)備、技術(shù)攻關(guān),對數(shù)控設(shè)備生產(chǎn)起到了很大的促進作用,尤其是在 1 9 9 9 年以后,國家向國防工業(yè)及關(guān)鍵民用工業(yè)部門投入大量技改資金,使數(shù)控設(shè)備制造市場一派繁榮。二、數(shù)控車的工藝與工裝削 數(shù)控車床加工的工藝與普通車床的加工工藝類似,但由于數(shù)控車床是一次裝夾,連續(xù)自動加工完成所有車削工序,因而應(yīng)注意以下幾個方面。 合理選擇切削用量 對于高效率的金屬切削加工來說,被加工材料、切削工具、切削條件是三大要素。這些決定著加工時間、刀具壽命和加工質(zhì)量。經(jīng)濟有效的加工方式必然是合理的選擇了切削條件。 切削條件的三要素:切削速度、進給量和切深直接引起刀具的損傷。伴隨著切削速度的提高,刀尖溫度會上升,會產(chǎn)生機械的、化學(xué)的、熱的磨損。切削速度提高20%,刀具壽命會減少 1/2。 進給條件與刀具后面磨損關(guān)系在極小的范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生。但進給量大,切削溫度上升,后面磨損大。它比切削速度對刀具的影響小。切深對刀具的影響雖然沒有切削速度和進給量大,但在微小切深切削時,被切削材料產(chǎn)生硬化層,同樣會影響刀具的壽命。 用戶要根據(jù)被加工的材料、硬度、切削狀態(tài)、材料種類、進給量、切深等選擇使用的切削速度。 最適合的加工條件的選定是在這些因素的基礎(chǔ)上選定的。有規(guī)則的、穩(wěn)定的磨損達到壽命才是理想的條件。 然而,在實際作業(yè)中,刀具壽命的選擇與刀具磨損、被加工尺寸變化、表面質(zhì)量、切削噪聲、加工熱量等有關(guān)。在確定加工條件時,需要根據(jù)實際情況進行研究。對于不銹鋼和耐熱合金等難加工材料來說,可以采用冷卻劑或選用剛性好的刀刃。 合理選擇刀具 (1) 粗車時,要選強度高、耐用度好的刀具,以便滿足粗車時大背吃刀量、大進給量的要求。 (2) 精車時,要選精度高、耐用度好的刀具,以保證加工精度的要求。 (3) 為減少換刀時間和方便對刀,應(yīng)盡量采用機夾刀和機夾刀片。 合理選擇夾具 (1) 盡量選用通用夾具裝夾工件,避免采用專用夾具; (2) 零件定位基準重合,以減少定位誤差。 確定加工路線 加工路線是指數(shù)控機床加工過程中,刀具相對零件的運動軌跡和方向。 (1) 應(yīng)能保證加工精度和表面粗糙要求; (2) 應(yīng)盡量縮短加工路線,減少刀具空行程時間。 加工路線與加工余量的聯(lián)系 目前,在數(shù)控車床還未達到普及使用的條件下,一般應(yīng)把毛坯上過多的余量,特別是含有鍛、鑄硬皮層的余量安排在普通車床上加工。如必須用數(shù)控車床加工時,則需注意程序的靈活安排。 夾具安裝要點 目前液壓卡盤和液壓夾緊油缸的連接是靠拉桿實現(xiàn)的,如圖 1。液壓卡盤夾緊要點如下:首先用搬手卸下液壓油缸上的螺帽,卸下拉管,并從主軸后端抽出,再用搬手卸下卡盤固定螺釘,即可卸下卡盤。三、進行有效合理的車削加工有效節(jié)省加工時間 Index 公司的 G200 車削中心集成化加工單元具有模塊化、大功率雙主軸、四軸聯(lián)動的功能,從而使加工時間進一步縮短。與其他借助于工作軸進行裝夾的概念相反,該產(chǎn)品運用集成智能加工單元可以使工件自動裝夾到位并進行加工。換言之,自動裝夾時,不會影響另一主軸的加工,這一特點可以縮短大約 10%的加工時間。 此外,四軸加工非常迅速,可以同時有兩把刀具進行加工。當(dāng)機床是成對投入使用的時候,效率的提高更為明顯。也就是說,常規(guī)車削和硬車可以并行設(shè)置兩臺機床。 常規(guī)車削和硬車之間的不同點僅僅在于刀架和集中恒溫冷卻液系統(tǒng)。但與常規(guī)加工不同的是:常規(guī)加工可用兩個刀架和一個尾架進行加工;而硬車時只能使用一個刀架。在兩種類型的機床上都可進行干式硬加工,只是工藝方案的制造者需要精心設(shè)計平衡的節(jié)拍時間,而 Index 機床提供的模塊結(jié)構(gòu)使其具有更強的靈活性。 以高精度提高生產(chǎn)率 隨著生產(chǎn)效率的不斷提高,用戶對于精度也提出了很高的要求。