【正文】 gh on the margin, in particular those containing fing, casting hard cortex cushion placed in ordinary lathe. If it is necessary to use CNC lathe machining, you need attention to process flexibility. 6. Fixture Installation Points Current hydraulic chuck and hydraulic clamping cylinder connection is achieved by bar, shown in Figure 1. Hydraulic chuck clamping, as follows: First, remove the hydraulic cylinder with the wrench on the nut, remove the trombone, and the backend from the spindle out, and then remove the chuck wrench screw, you can remove the card plate. Third, effective and reasonable Turning Effective to save processing time Index turning centers the pany39。s G200 integrated processing unit has a modular, highpower dualspindle, fouraxis linkage function, so that further reduce the processing time. With the other clamping axis by means of the concept of the work of the contrary, the use of the product integration of intelligent processing unit can automatically clamping the workpiece in place and processing. In other words, automatic setup, it will not affect the processing of another axis, a feature that could be shortened by about 10% of the processing time. In addition, the fouraxis machining very quickly, you can at the same time there are two tools for processing. When the machine is put into use in pairs, when efficiency bees more apparent. In other words, conventional turning and hard to set two cars can be a parallel machine. Conventional turning and hard car is the only difference between the turret and centralized coolant system thermostat. However, unlike conventional machining: conventional processing can be used two razors and a tailstock for processing。 while the hard car can only use a knife. In both types of machines can be carried out on a dry hard machining, but the program makers need to craft welldesigned balance of tact time, while the Index provided by the module structure of machine tools to make it more flexibility. In order to improve the productivity of highprecision With the continuous improvement of production efficiency, the user also made for a very high accuracy requirements. Using G200 turning centers for processing, the cold start up to postprocessing of 4 parts, you can achieve the tolerance of 177。 6mm. Machining process, the accuracy is usually maintained at 2mm. So Index offers to clients is a highprecision, high efficiency full program, while providing such highprecision program, requiring careful selection of spindle, bearings and other features. G200 turning centers in the German car manufacturer BMW Landshut39。s applications achieved good results. Production plant is not only the engine, but also the production by casting made of light metal parts, car plastic decorative pieces and steering shafts. The quality of supervisory staff that are very precise accuracy of its processing: Continuous tolerance band 177。 15mm, bearing tolerance of 177。 . In addition, the processing of universal joints used the Index39。s automatic intelligent processing unit. The first batch of two turning centers used to play the workpiece number of preprocessed prior to processing after online measurement, and then sent to roller conveyor teeth cleaning and quenched. The last one process, using a second Index processing systems. G200 Turning Center by two pairs of steering knuckle bearing hardBlock car. To plete online measurement in the machine, and then sent to the discharge unit. Integrated processing unit fully integrated into the layout of the shop, ergonomic requirements, covers an area of greatly reduced, and only two staff to look after manufacturing cell can be. 中文：一、 我國(guó)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展史 我國(guó)從 1958 年起，由一批科研院所，高等學(xué)校和少數(shù)機(jī)床廠起步進(jìn)行數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的研制和開發(fā)。由于受到當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)產(chǎn)電子元器件水平低，部門經(jīng)濟(jì)等的制約，未能取得較大的發(fā)展。 在改革開放后，我國(guó)數(shù)控技術(shù)才逐步取得實(shí)質(zhì)性的發(fā)展。經(jīng)過“六五(8185 年)的引進(jìn)國(guó)外技術(shù)， “七五”(8690 年)的消化吸收和“八五”(91~一95 年)國(guó)家組織的科技攻關(guān)，才使得我國(guó)的數(shù)控技術(shù)有了質(zhì)的飛躍，當(dāng)時(shí)通過國(guó)家攻關(guān)驗(yàn)收和鑒定的產(chǎn)品包括北京珠峰公司的中華 I 型，華中數(shù)控公司的華中 I 型和沈陽(yáng)高檔數(shù)控國(guó)家工程研究中心的藍(lán)天 I 型，以及其他通過“國(guó)家機(jī)床質(zhì)量監(jiān)督測(cè)試中心”測(cè)試合格的國(guó)產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)如南京四開公司的產(chǎn)品。 我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床制造業(yè)在 80 年代曾有過高速發(fā)展的階段，許多機(jī)床廠從傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)向數(shù)控化產(chǎn)品的轉(zhuǎn)型。但總的來說，技術(shù)水平不高，質(zhì)量不佳，所以在 90 年代初期面臨國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)由計(jì)劃性經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)移調(diào)整，經(jīng)歷了幾年最困難的蕭條時(shí)期，那時(shí)生產(chǎn)能力降到 50%，庫(kù)存超過 4 個(gè)月。從 1 9 9 5 年“九五”以后國(guó)家從擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需啟動(dòng)機(jī)床市場(chǎng)，加強(qiáng)限制進(jìn)口數(shù)控設(shè)備的審批，投資重點(diǎn)支持關(guān)鍵數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、設(shè)備、技術(shù)攻關(guān)，對(duì)數(shù)控設(shè)備生產(chǎn)起到了很大的促進(jìn)作用，尤其是在 1 9 9 9 年以后，國(guó)家向國(guó)防工業(yè)及關(guān)鍵民用工業(yè)部門投入大量技改資金，使數(shù)控設(shè)備制造市場(chǎng)一派繁榮。二、數(shù)控車的工藝與工裝削 數(shù)控車床加工的工藝與普通車床的加工工藝類似，但由于數(shù)控車床是一次裝夾，連續(xù)自動(dòng)加工完成所有車削工序，因而應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面。 合理選擇切削用量 對(duì)于高效率的金屬切削加工來說，被加工材料、切削工具、切削條件是三大要素。這些決定著加工時(shí)間、刀具壽命和加工質(zhì)量。經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的加工方式必然是合理的選擇了切削條件。 切削條件的三要素：切削速度、進(jìn)給量和切深直接引起刀具的損傷。伴隨著切削速度的提高，刀尖溫度會(huì)上升，會(huì)產(chǎn)生機(jī)械的、化學(xué)的、熱的磨損。切削速度提高20%，刀具壽命會(huì)減少 1/2。 進(jìn)給條件與刀具后面磨損關(guān)系在極小的范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生。但進(jìn)給量大，切削溫度上升，后面磨損大。它比切削速度對(duì)刀具的影響小。切深對(duì)刀具的影響雖然沒有切削速度和進(jìn)給量大，但在微小切深切削時(shí)，被切削材料產(chǎn)生硬化層，同樣會(huì)影響刀具的壽命。 用戶要根據(jù)被加工的材料、硬度、切削狀態(tài)、材料種類、進(jìn)給量、切深等選擇使用的切削速度。 最適合的加工條件的選定是在這些因素的基礎(chǔ)上選定的。有規(guī)則的、穩(wěn)定的磨損達(dá)到壽命才是理想的條件。 然而，在實(shí)際作業(yè)中，刀具壽命的選擇與刀具磨損、被加工尺寸變化、表面質(zhì)量、切削噪聲、加工熱量等有關(guān)。在確定加工條件時(shí)，需要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行研究。對(duì)于不銹鋼和耐熱合金等難加工材料來說，可以采用冷卻劑或選用剛性好的刀刃。 合理選擇刀具 （1) 粗車時(shí)，要選強(qiáng)度高、耐用度好的刀具，以便滿足粗車時(shí)大背吃刀量、大進(jìn)給量的要求。 （2) 精車時(shí)，要選精度高、耐用度好的刀具，以保證加工精度的要求。 （3) 為減少換刀時(shí)間和方便對(duì)刀，應(yīng)盡量采用機(jī)夾刀和機(jī)夾刀片。 合理選擇夾具 （1) 盡量選用通用夾具裝夾工件，避免采用專用夾具； （2) 零件定位基準(zhǔn)重合，以減少定位誤差。 確定加工路線 加工路線是指數(shù)控機(jī)床加工過程中，刀具相對(duì)零件的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡和方向。 （1) 應(yīng)能保證加工精度和表面粗糙要求； （2) 應(yīng)盡量縮短加工路線，減少刀具空行程時(shí)間。 加工路線與加工余量的聯(lián)系 目前，在數(shù)控車床還未達(dá)到普及使用的條件下，一般應(yīng)把毛坯上過多的余量，特別是含有鍛、鑄硬皮層的余量安排在普通車床上加工。如必須用數(shù)控車床加工時(shí)，則需注意程序的靈活安排。 夾具安裝要點(diǎn) 目前液壓卡盤和液壓夾緊油缸的連接是靠拉桿實(shí)現(xiàn)的，如圖 1。液壓卡盤夾緊要點(diǎn)如下：首先用搬手卸下液壓油缸上的螺帽，卸下拉管，并從主軸后端抽出，再用搬手卸下卡盤固定螺釘，即可卸下卡盤。三、進(jìn)行有效合理的車削加工有效節(jié)省加工時(shí)間 Index 公司的 G200 車削中心集成化加工單元具有模塊化、大功率雙主軸、四軸聯(lián)動(dòng)的功能，從而使加工時(shí)間進(jìn)一步縮短。與其他借助于工作軸進(jìn)行裝夾的概念相反，該產(chǎn)品運(yùn)用集成智能加工單元可以使工件自動(dòng)裝夾到位并進(jìn)行加工。換言之，自動(dòng)裝夾時(shí)，不會(huì)影響另一主軸的加工，這一特點(diǎn)可以縮短大約 10％的加工時(shí)間。 此外，四軸加工非常迅速，可以同時(shí)有兩把刀具進(jìn)行加工。當(dāng)機(jī)床是成對(duì)投入使用的時(shí)候，效率的提高更為明顯。也就是說，常規(guī)車削和硬車可以并行設(shè)置兩臺(tái)機(jī)床。 常規(guī)車削和硬車之間的不同點(diǎn)僅僅在于刀架和集中恒溫冷卻液系統(tǒng)。但與常規(guī)加工不同的是：常規(guī)加工可用兩個(gè)刀架和一個(gè)尾架進(jìn)行加工；而硬車時(shí)只能使用一個(gè)刀架。在兩種類型的機(jī)床上都可進(jìn)行干式硬加工，只是工藝方案的制造者需要精心設(shè)計(jì)平衡的節(jié)拍時(shí)間，而 Index 機(jī)床提供的模塊結(jié)構(gòu)使其具有更強(qiáng)的靈活性。 以高精度提高生產(chǎn)率 隨著生產(chǎn)效率的不斷提高，用戶對(duì)于精度也提出了很高的要求。