【正文】 主軸正轉(zhuǎn)時，程序如下：MOV DPTR，3FFCH ；8255 PA 口地址MOVX A，@DPTR ；讀出 PA 口鎖存器內(nèi)容CLR A ；修改MOVX @DPTR，A ；置 PA0=0，直流繼電器 K+閉合，主軸正轉(zhuǎn) 控制系統(tǒng)的軟件還包括兩坐標(biāo)直線和圓弧的插補程序、直螺紋和錐螺紋的插補程序，另外還有串行通信程序等。由于這些軟件的設(shè)計工作量都比較大，設(shè)計時一般不要求編制詳細的程序清單，但建議設(shè)計軟件的流程圖。 插補程序設(shè)計 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中常用的插補算法有：逐點比較法、數(shù)字積分法、時間分割法及最小偏差法等。由于逐點比較法就是刀具（或工件）每走一步，控制系統(tǒng)都要將加工點與給定的圖形軌跡相比較，已決定下一步的方向，使之逼近加工軌跡。逐點比較插補是以階梯折線來逼近直線或圓弧等曲線的，它的規(guī)定的加工直線或圓弧之間的最大誤差為一個脈沖當(dāng)量，因此只要把脈沖當(dāng)量（每走一步的距離即步長）取得足夠小，就可以達到加工精度的要求。因此逐點比較法加工精度高，所以在本次設(shè)計中選用的逐點比較法。由于直線插補和圓弧插補各象限原理相同，在這以第一象限的直線插補為例，其它象限的插補在這不在做詳細介紹。第一象限直線插補流程圖如 32 圖所示。插補軌跡運算流程圖如下：宮鳳麗：C6140 臥式車床數(shù)控化改造設(shè)計控制部分的設(shè)計28初始化走一步+X 走一步+Y到達終點？F=Fi－Ye F=Fi+Xe延時結(jié)束F≥0NNYY圖 32 直線插補流程圖3．11 本章小結(jié)本章的內(nèi)容是在第二章的基礎(chǔ)上，主要對鍵盤的輸入程序、顯示器的顯示程序、直線插補等典型的程序設(shè)計。宮鳳麗：C6140 臥式車床數(shù)控化改造設(shè)計控制部分的設(shè)計28結(jié) 論通過對 C6140 臥式車床數(shù)控化改造的設(shè)計，主要做的內(nèi)容如下：利用單片機（本設(shè)計采用了 AT89S52 為主控芯片） ，設(shè)計出了一套有硬件電路與步進電機及驅(qū)動相匹配的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，由單片機控制步進電機和軟件相結(jié)合來實現(xiàn) XZ 方向的運動。在設(shè)計中對機床數(shù)控部分的 I/O 進行了擴展，并對鍵盤和顯示器進行了相應(yīng)的設(shè)計，對程序進行了初始化。一些典型的軟件的設(shè)計，如鍵盤的掃描程序、顯示器的顯示程序、D/A電路輸出模擬電壓程序、直線插補等。本課題的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計部分的設(shè)計過程有理論依據(jù)，但因各種原因沒有進行實際調(diào)試。所以如應(yīng)用在實際生產(chǎn)上，肯定將會出現(xiàn)某些問題，這也需要在生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用時加以調(diào)試和修改優(yōu)化加工工藝和參數(shù)設(shè)置，由于設(shè)計的經(jīng)驗不足，在本設(shè)計中所選用的電器元件及電路的設(shè)計可能存在不合理現(xiàn)象。在本次設(shè)計只限于一個相對簡單、功能單一開環(huán)的控制系統(tǒng)，今后可以向功能多樣化、智能化、閉環(huán)的控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展。這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計讓我學(xué)到了很多新的知識，也把在大學(xué)幾年里所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)和專業(yè)知識有機的結(jié)合在一起，并且把以前所學(xué)的，但是現(xiàn)在可能已經(jīng)模糊的知識再一次得到鞏固。通過這一次的鍛煉，為即將走向工作崗位增加籌碼。華東交通大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）29參考文獻【1】[M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2022【2】徐峰，[M].合肥：安徽科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，2022 【3】廖效果，[M].武漢：湖北科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，2022【4】[M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2022【5】王喜斌，[M].哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，2022【6】 CAD 技術(shù)[M].北京：科學(xué)出版社，2022【7】張毅坤，陳善久，[M].西安：西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，1998【8】劉南平，孫蕙芹，童一帆，[M].北京：科學(xué)出版社，2022【9】[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2022【10】魏斯亮，[M].大連：大連理工大學(xué)出版社，2022【11】潘永雄， CAD 實用教程[M].西安：西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2022【12】王正謀， 電路設(shè)計與仿真技術(shù)[M].福州：福建科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，2022【13】 nglish for Numerical Control Technology[M].北 京 ： 高 等 教 育 出 版 社 ，2022【14】 OF MACHINE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY[M].武漢：武漢理工大學(xué)出版社，2022宮鳳麗：C6140 臥式車床數(shù)控化改造設(shè)計控制部分的設(shè)計30致謝本論文是在機電工程學(xué)院任繼文老師的細心指導(dǎo)下完成的。從課題的選題到論文的完成，任老師傾注了大量的時間和精力，細心輔導(dǎo)，使我學(xué)到了很多的知識，獲益良多。在此，謹(jǐn)向尊敬的任繼文老師致以衷心的感謝，謝謝您！同時，在學(xué)業(yè)上我還要感謝我的父母多年來對我的支持和關(guān)心。由于任老師耐心地為我答疑解惑、開拓思路，提供了許多建設(shè)性的方案。他既敢于放手，不包辦代替，讓我充分發(fā)揮自己的獨創(chuàng)意識，培養(yǎng)了創(chuàng)新能力；同時，又做到積極引導(dǎo)，不放任自流，有節(jié)有度地引導(dǎo)我的設(shè)計思路朝正確的方向發(fā)展，恰到好處的糾正了我不完全正確的設(shè)計思路。任繼文老師淵博的學(xué)識、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)淖黠L(fēng)、寬廣的胸懷和淡泊明志的精神境界都給我以潛移默化的影響，將使我終生受益。在本文完成過程中，我還得到了華東交通大學(xué)機電工程學(xué)院其他老師的指導(dǎo)和幾位同學(xué)的幫助，在此向他們表示最誠摯的謝意。附錄31附錄 A 外文翻譯——原文部分The Numerical Control Engine Bed TransformsHarvey ackeyFirst numerical control system development summary brief history and tendency In 1946 the first electronic accounting machine was born in the world, this indicated the humanity created has been possible to strengthen and partially to replace the mental labor the tool. It with the humanity these which in the agriculture, the industry society created only is strengthens the physical labor the tool to pare, got up the quantitive leap, entered the information society for the humanity to lay the foundation. After 6 years, in 1952, puter technology applied to the engine bed , the first numerical control engine bed were born in US. From this time on, the traditional engine bed has had the archery target change. Since nearly half century, the numerical control system has experienced two stages and six generation of development. Numerical control (NC) stage (1952 ~ 1970) The early puter operating speed is low, was not big to then science putation and the data processing influence, but could not adapt the engine bed realtime control request. The people can not but use numeral logic circuit to build to bee an engine bed special purpose puter to take the numerical control system, is called the hardware connection numerical control (HARDWIRED NC), Jian Chengwei numerical control (NC). Along with the primary device development, this stage has had been through repeatedly three generations, namely 1952 first generation of electron tube。 1959 second generation of transistor。 1965 third generation small scale integration electric circuit. Computer numerical control (CNC) stage (in 1970 ~ present) In 1970, the general miniputer already appeared and the mass production. Thereupon transplants it takes the numerical control system the core part, from this time on entered the puter numerical control (CNC) the stage (which should have puter in front of the general two characters to abbreviate). In 1971, American INTEL Corporation in the world first time the puter two most cores part logic 宮鳳麗：C6140 臥式車床數(shù)控化改造設(shè)計控制部分的設(shè)計32units and the controller, used the large scale integrated circuit technology integration on together the chip, called it the microprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR), also might be called the central processing element (to be called CPU). The microprocessor is applied to 1974 in the numerical control system. This is because miniputer function too strong, controlled an engine bed ability to have wealthily (therefore once uses in controlling the multi Taiwan engine bed at that time, called it group control), was inferior to used the microprocessor economy to be reasonable. Moreover then small machine reliability was not ideal. The early microprocessor speed and the function although insufficiently are also high, but may solve through the multiprocessor structure. Because the microprocessor is the generalpurpose calculator core part, therefore still was called the puter numerical control. In 1990, PC machine (personal puter, domestic custom had called microputer) the performance has developed to the very high stage, may satisfiedly take the numerical control system core part the request. The numerical control system henceforth entered based on the PC stage. In brief, the puter numerical control stage has also experienced three generations. Namely 1970 fourth generation of miniputer。 1974 five dynasties microprocessor and 1990 sixth generation (overseas was called PCBASED) based on PC. Also must point out, although overseas already renamed as the puter nu