【正文】 解題技法 指導 快速閱讀，在考試時才能節(jié)省時間。怎樣才能做到快速閱讀呢？在平時的閱讀訓練中，我們可以按照以下幾點來做： 1．抓關鍵句 (如名詞、動詞、主謂賓構成的簡單句及常見的幾種復合句 )。 2．抓首尾句，即中心句，也叫主題句。 3．在瀏覽題目的同時，用鉛筆畫出有關信息來縮小尋找范圍。 4．學會通過閱讀上下文或跳讀來推測詞義。 5．最后，要復讀檢查。答完題后，再重讀一遍短文，以驗證所做的答案。 Although we all want happiness and joy every day, sometimes we still feel blue． Most people can control this, but sometimes it can get worse and people fall into depression(抑郁 )． This year, the WHO chose “depression” as the theme of World Health aims to raise people’s awareness(意識 ) of to its recent report, about 322 million people had depression in is more than 4 percent of the world’s population. Depression is described as a mental disorder(精神疾病 )． It has several symptoms (癥狀 ) like sadness and lots of extreme cases， depression may lead to suicide(自殺 )． There are three groups of people that are more likely to develop depression， according to is old people, while another is women who are pregnant (懷孕的 ) or have just given young people are also one of the three groups. In China, depression among young people is on the rise, Zhu Zhuohong, a famous psychology professor told ， especially in education, can cause a lot of pressure. Luckily, efforts are being made to solve this several social anizations in China are trying hard to help those with also held the “Depression: Let’s talk” campaign this month, aiming to make sure that people with depression seek and get help. 【 主旨大意 】 本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了抑郁癥患者的數量、癥狀、患病人群及采取的阻止患抑郁病的一些措施。 1． In Paragraph 1， the underlined word “blue” means ________． A． the color of the sky B． sad and hopeless C． sad music D． bad feeling B 考查角度：詞義猜測。解題方法：聯系上下文。推理過程：前文提示 “ happiness” 和 “ joy” ，后文轉折，故可以推斷情緒為 “ sad and hopeless(難過和無望的 )” 。由于謂語動詞為feel，其后跟形容詞，故排除 D選項。故選 B。 2． People with depression even want to ________． A． seek and get help B． have petition C． have pressure D． mit suicide D 考查角度：細節(jié)理解。解題方法：尋找關鍵詞。推理過程：文中有提示 “ depression may lead to suicide” ，意為 “ 有自殺傾向 ” ，故選 D。 3． Which of the following statement is NOT true? A． Depression is a mental disorder. B． Pregnant women are more likely to develop depression. C． People with depression cannot go to work. D． Depression among young people is on the rise. C 考查角度：推理判斷。解題方法：回看文章。推理過程： A選項抑郁是一種精神疾病、 B選項孕婦易患抑郁和 D選項年輕人抑郁人數上升，文中均有表示，是正確的。而 C選項，文中提示有部分人沒有意識到患了抑郁，還有些學生由于教育的壓力導致抑郁等，均說明抑郁的人是可以工作的。故選 C。 4． What’s the best title for the passage? A． Depression development. B． Depression， a silent killer. C． Education petitions. D． Depression campaign. B 考查角度：主旨大意。解題方法：歸納全文。推理過程：本文主要介紹了抑郁對人們的危害。故 B選項 Depression, a silent killer.“ 抑郁，無聲的殺手。 ” 符合題意，故選 B。 1．細節(jié)理解題 考查目的：針對文章的細節(jié)設計，主要考查事實和細節(jié)。 提問方式：① Which of the following is right? ② Which of the following is NOT true in the passage? 技巧點撥：利用題目的關鍵詞，尋找文中對應的詞，在對應詞周圍找答案或直接在文中搜索答案。一般不能直接從某句中找到答案，而是需要根據全文的多個句子或段落得出答案，這時應采用排除法來解題。 2．推理判斷題 考查目的：在理解全文或語段的基礎上推理和判斷文章的意圖和目的。 提問方式：① We can guess the writer of the passage may be a ________． ② From the passage / story we can guess ________． ③ From the passage / story we can learned that ________． 技巧點撥：本題型根據文中某些詞、句子或段落進行推理或根據句子的語氣、文章的論調和傾向進行推斷。讀整篇文章，理解作者意圖，真理不一定是正確答案。①事實推斷：這種推斷常常針對某一或幾個具體細節(jié)進行簡單的推斷。進行這種推斷時，要首先在文章中找出依據推斷的有關文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的含義。②邏輯推斷。③對作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷。 3．詞義猜測題 考查目的：本題型主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷詞義的能力。 提問方式：① The word “...”in the passage probably means “________” ． ② The underlined word “It”in the passage means “________” ． ③ In the passage the underlined word “...” means “________” ． 技巧點撥：解答這類題目時需要一些猜詞技巧：①根據上下文猜測；②根據同義詞或反義詞猜測；③根據構詞法猜測；④通過定義或釋義猜測；⑤根據轉折、因果關系等來猜測；⑥根據生活常識猜測。此外，對于這類題目采取 “ 代入法 ” 也十分有效，即將備選答案逐一帶入文中，哪一選項能使句子的意思通順、連貫，且與上下文的內容一致，就是正確答案。 4．主旨大意題 考查目的：考查短文或段落的主題、中心和標題。 提問方式： ① Which is the best title of the passage? ② This passage mainly talks about ________． ③ The passage tells us that ________． 技巧點撥：標題歸納題用以考查考生對文章主題或中心思想的領會和理解能力。做此類題要注意： (1)以原文為依據； (2)只選最適合本篇文章的； (3)注意絕對化的詞； (4)答案要避免以點帶面，以偏概全； (5)文中沒有提到的不要妄自猜測，一切以文章內容為準。主旨大意題重點關注文章的首尾句或段首句尋找主題句或縱觀全文歸納總結文章的主旨大意。 類型 2 短文還原型閱讀理解 短文還原是濰坊市中考的一種新題型，自 2022年開始考查該題型。題目要求：根據短文內容，從下列選項中選出能填入文中空白處的最佳選項，選項中有一項為多余選項，即 “ 五選四 ” 題型。在原文中選出 4個承上啟下的句子設空，同時在選項中增加一個句子作為混淆選項，要求學生選 4個句子還原到文章中，使文章通順完整、銜接自然、符合表達邏輯。首尾句通常不設空，設空以邏輯關系為線索，側重補充完整后文章情節(jié)的完整性。此題要求學生在全面理解文章內容和結構的基礎上，著重關注文章的謀篇布局，我們在日常學習中，要兼顧課文的篇章結構和構思角度。 例題解析 [2022 濰坊中考 ] Now students’ English handwriting gets worse and makes their teachers feel your English handwriting beautiful? If not, here are four steps that really work! ◆ Use paper that has lines Using paper that has lines can keep your writing straight when you write English words or ． Be sure to fill the lined space make sure those capital letters(大寫字母 ) are written properly. ◆ Slow down If your handwriting is hard to read, try slowing down a ． If you write too fast, it’s hard for you to stop where you should, and even worse, you may make more mistakes. ◆ ． When you hold your pencil in the correct way, writing is much kids press down really hard when they makes the handwriting not to relax yourself and don’t hold the pencil so your writing appear nice and you do so, people will think you are a student with a good habit. ◆ Draw more pictures Drawing can improve your need to use the skills to control your pencil better when you are drawing though you have no chance to draw at school, you can practice by yourself at home. 4． ________． Imagine you are a worldfamous movie star or a wellknown sports player, what do you do when fans run up to you? Give them your autographs (親筆簽名 ), of course! 1．解析：本題考查承接句?？崭裉幍纳舷挛恼務摰氖菍懹⑽膯卧~和句子時，建議使用帶格線的紙，故選項 E“ 紙上那些線能幫你寫出大小適宜的字體 ” 與上下文相吻合。 答案： E 2．解析：本題考查承接句。結合段落標題可知本段是談論書寫的速度。由選項 D中的 slower可以判斷該說法符合語境，意為“ 對一些孩子來說，寫得慢一些能使書寫更清晰 ” 。 答