【正文】 解題技法 指導(dǎo) 快速閱讀，在考試時(shí)才能節(jié)省時(shí)間。怎樣才能做到快速閱讀呢？在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中，我們可以按照以下幾點(diǎn)來(lái)做： 1．抓關(guān)鍵句 (如名詞、動(dòng)詞、主謂賓構(gòu)成的簡(jiǎn)單句及常見(jiàn)的幾種復(fù)合句 )。 2．抓首尾句，即中心句，也叫主題句。 3．在瀏覽題目的同時(shí)，用鉛筆畫(huà)出有關(guān)信息來(lái)縮小尋找范圍。 4．學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)閱讀上下文或跳讀來(lái)推測(cè)詞義。 5．最后，要復(fù)讀檢查。答完題后，再重讀一遍短文，以驗(yàn)證所做的答案。 Although we all want happiness and joy every day, sometimes we still feel blue． Most people can control this, but sometimes it can get worse and people fall into depression(抑郁 )． This year, the WHO chose “depression” as the theme of World Health aims to raise people’s awareness(意識(shí) ) of to its recent report, about 322 million people had depression in is more than 4 percent of the world’s population. Depression is described as a mental disorder(精神疾病 )． It has several symptoms (癥狀 ) like sadness and lots of extreme cases， depression may lead to suicide(自殺 )． There are three groups of people that are more likely to develop depression， according to is old people, while another is women who are pregnant (懷孕的 ) or have just given young people are also one of the three groups. In China, depression among young people is on the rise, Zhu Zhuohong, a famous psychology professor told ， especially in education, can cause a lot of pressure. Luckily, efforts are being made to solve this several social anizations in China are trying hard to help those with also held the “Depression: Let’s talk” campaign this month, aiming to make sure that people with depression seek and get help. 【 主旨大意 】 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了抑郁癥患者的數(shù)量、癥狀、患病人群及采取的阻止患抑郁病的一些措施。 1． In Paragraph 1， the underlined word “blue” means ________． A． the color of the sky B． sad and hopeless C． sad music D． bad feeling B 考查角度：詞義猜測(cè)。解題方法：聯(lián)系上下文。推理過(guò)程：前文提示 “ happiness” 和 “ joy” ，后文轉(zhuǎn)折，故可以推斷情緒為 “ sad and hopeless(難過(guò)和無(wú)望的 )” 。由于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為feel，其后跟形容詞，故排除 D選項(xiàng)。故選 B。 2． People with depression even want to ________． A． seek and get help B． have petition C． have pressure D． mit suicide D 考查角度：細(xì)節(jié)理解。解題方法：尋找關(guān)鍵詞。推理過(guò)程：文中有提示 “ depression may lead to suicide” ，意為 “ 有自殺傾向 ” ，故選 D。 3． Which of the following statement is NOT true? A． Depression is a mental disorder. B． Pregnant women are more likely to develop depression. C． People with depression cannot go to work. D． Depression among young people is on the rise. C 考查角度：推理判斷。解題方法：回看文章。推理過(guò)程： A選項(xiàng)抑郁是一種精神疾病、 B選項(xiàng)孕婦易患抑郁和 D選項(xiàng)年輕人抑郁人數(shù)上升，文中均有表示，是正確的。而 C選項(xiàng)，文中提示有部分人沒(méi)有意識(shí)到患了抑郁，還有些學(xué)生由于教育的壓力導(dǎo)致抑郁等，均說(shuō)明抑郁的人是可以工作的。故選 C。 4． What’s the best title for the passage? A． Depression development. B． Depression， a silent killer. C． Education petitions. D． Depression campaign. B 考查角度：主旨大意。解題方法：歸納全文。推理過(guò)程：本文主要介紹了抑郁對(duì)人們的危害。故 B選項(xiàng) Depression, a silent killer.“ 抑郁，無(wú)聲的殺手。 ” 符合題意，故選 B。 1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題 考查目的：針對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)，主要考查事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。 提問(wèn)方式：① Which of the following is right? ② Which of the following is NOT true in the passage? 技巧點(diǎn)撥：利用題目的關(guān)鍵詞，尋找文中對(duì)應(yīng)的詞，在對(duì)應(yīng)詞周圍找答案或直接在文中搜索答案。一般不能直接從某句中找到答案，而是需要根據(jù)全文的多個(gè)句子或段落得出答案，這時(shí)應(yīng)采用排除法來(lái)解題。 2．推理判斷題 考查目的：在理解全文或語(yǔ)段的基礎(chǔ)上推理和判斷文章的意圖和目的。 提問(wèn)方式：① We can guess the writer of the passage may be a ________． ② From the passage / story we can guess ________． ③ From the passage / story we can learned that ________． 技巧點(diǎn)撥：本題型根據(jù)文中某些詞、句子或段落進(jìn)行推理或根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)氣、文章的論調(diào)和傾向進(jìn)行推斷。讀整篇文章，理解作者意圖，真理不一定是正確答案。①事實(shí)推斷：這種推斷常常針對(duì)某一或幾個(gè)具體細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的推斷。進(jìn)行這種推斷時(shí)，要首先在文章中找出依據(jù)推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的含義。②邏輯推斷。③對(duì)作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷。 3．詞義猜測(cè)題 考查目的：本題型主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷詞義的能力。 提問(wèn)方式：① The word “...”in the passage probably means “________” ． ② The underlined word “It”in the passage means “________” ． ③ In the passage the underlined word “...” means “________” ． 技巧點(diǎn)撥：解答這類題目時(shí)需要一些猜詞技巧：①根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)；②根據(jù)同義詞或反義詞猜測(cè)；③根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)；④通過(guò)定義或釋義猜測(cè)；⑤根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等來(lái)猜測(cè)；⑥根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)。此外，對(duì)于這類題目采取 “ 代入法 ” 也十分有效，即將備選答案逐一帶入文中，哪一選項(xiàng)能使句子的意思通順、連貫，且與上下文的內(nèi)容一致，就是正確答案。 4．主旨大意題 考查目的：考查短文或段落的主題、中心和標(biāo)題。 提問(wèn)方式： ① Which is the best title of the passage? ② This passage mainly talks about ________． ③ The passage tells us that ________． 技巧點(diǎn)撥：標(biāo)題歸納題用以考查考生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。做此類題要注意： (1)以原文為依據(jù)； (2)只選最適合本篇文章的； (3)注意絕對(duì)化的詞； (4)答案要避免以點(diǎn)帶面，以偏概全； (5)文中沒(méi)有提到的不要妄自猜測(cè)，一切以文章內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。主旨大意題重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章的首尾句或段首句尋找主題句或縱觀全文歸納總結(jié)文章的主旨大意。 類型 2 短文還原型閱讀理解 短文還原是濰坊市中考的一種新題型，自 2022年開(kāi)始考查該題型。題目要求：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下列選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)，即 “ 五選四 ” 題型。在原文中選出 4個(gè)承上啟下的句子設(shè)空，同時(shí)在選項(xiàng)中增加一個(gè)句子作為混淆選項(xiàng)，要求學(xué)生選 4個(gè)句子還原到文章中，使文章通順完整、銜接自然、符合表達(dá)邏輯。首尾句通常不設(shè)空，設(shè)空以邏輯關(guān)系為線索，側(cè)重補(bǔ)充完整后文章情節(jié)的完整性。此題要求學(xué)生在全面理解文章內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，著重關(guān)注文章的謀篇布局，我們?cè)谌粘W(xué)習(xí)中，要兼顧課文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和構(gòu)思角度。 例題解析 [2022 濰坊中考 ] Now students’ English handwriting gets worse and makes their teachers feel your English handwriting beautiful? If not, here are four steps that really work! ◆ Use paper that has lines Using paper that has lines can keep your writing straight when you write English words or ． Be sure to fill the lined space make sure those capital letters(大寫(xiě)字母 ) are written properly. ◆ Slow down If your handwriting is hard to read, try slowing down a ． If you write too fast, it’s hard for you to stop where you should, and even worse, you may make more mistakes. ◆ ． When you hold your pencil in the correct way, writing is much kids press down really hard when they makes the handwriting not to relax yourself and don’t hold the pencil so your writing appear nice and you do so, people will think you are a student with a good habit. ◆ Draw more pictures Drawing can improve your need to use the skills to control your pencil better when you are drawing though you have no chance to draw at school, you can practice by yourself at home. 4． ________． Imagine you are a worldfamous movie star or a wellknown sports player, what do you do when fans run up to you? Give them your autographs (親筆簽名 ), of course! 1．解析：本題考查承接句?？崭裉幍纳舷挛恼?wù)摰氖菍?xiě)英文單詞和句子時(shí)，建議使用帶格線的紙，故選項(xiàng) E“ 紙上那些線能幫你寫(xiě)出大小適宜的字體 ” 與上下文相吻合。 答案： E 2．解析：本題考查承接句。結(jié)合段落標(biāo)題可知本段是談?wù)摃?shū)寫(xiě)的速度。由選項(xiàng) D中的 slower可以判斷該說(shuō)法符合語(yǔ)境，意為“ 對(duì)一些孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，寫(xiě)得慢一些能使書(shū)寫(xiě)更清晰 ” 。 答