【正文】 名言5) 綜合法：與首段一樣，結(jié)論段也可以是多種方法的綜合。一般說來，總結(jié)加建議的比較多。 3．轉(zhuǎn)承語的使用：根據(jù)不同的段落要求，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)承語 1) 比較對(duì)照 比較：like A, B … Just as A, B … A, similarly / correspondingly, likewise / in the same way, B … 對(duì)照： Unlike / Contrary to / As opposed to A, B … A , however / on the other hand / in contrast, B .. A …, B, however / on the other hand / in contrast, …2) 列舉 First / Second (Next) / Third (Then) / Last (Finally), … The fist / The second / The third / The last (The final) Firstly / Secondly / Thirdly / Last (Finally) One / Another / Still another / The last The most essential / most important / primary / chief is … 3) 因果 as a result, consequently, therefore, hence, so, because of this, for these reasons, due to the fact that 4．起承轉(zhuǎn)合常用語 1）起的常用語 When asked about/ When it es to/ Faced with …, some people Claim / think / argue / believe that …, but / while others …(differently) Nowadays there is much / general discussion as to …. With the development / improvement / growth of …, Now, it is monly / increasingly / widely believed / thought / held / acknowledge that …, According to a recent survey / investigation / poll, … Have you ever thought/wondered …? Suppose … As the saying goes, … 2) 承的常用語 Those who hold …. It is true that … To be sure .. First/Firstly … The main/leading/underlying/root/ primary/chief/essential ….承接上文的方式與文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)，比較的與列舉的不同，與舉例的也不同。同學(xué)們應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的情況選擇適當(dāng)?shù)某薪诱Z。3）轉(zhuǎn)的常用語It sounds like a good (attractive) idea (suggestion), but they fail to understand (see, notice There is probably an element of truth in the arguments (ideas), but they ignore a more important (basic) fact … Closer examination (analysis), however, suggests (shows) that this argument (claim, idea) may not be borne of (supported) by the following evidence (facts, examples, statistics). Close (careful) examination (analysis) of these arguments (ideas, suggestions), however, would reveal (suggest, prove) how flimsy (不足信的，不嚴(yán)密)(fallacious（靠不住的）, groundless（沒有根據(jù)的）) they are. However logical (sound, forcible(有說服力) these arguments may be, they don’t make sense (only skim the surface of the problem) when … is viewed the other way (taken into consideration). As opposed to (Contrary to) the widely (monly, generally) held idea (belief, view), new studies (facts) challenge (fail to justify) the opinion (view). Good/Superior/Wonderful as …., it has its own disadvantages/ it brings its own problems. They may be right about …, but they seem to neglect /fail to mention/take into account … In all the discussion and debate over …, one important/basic fact is ignored/overlooked/neglected. It is true that/ Admittedly, but it is unlikely/doesn’t follow/doesn’t mean that … There is an element of truth in these arguments/statements, but they ignore a deeper and more basic/essential/important fact/factor … In many cases, however, … As far as … is concerned, … 4) 合的常用語 Experience/Evidence/All the facts suggest/show/demonstrate/ indicate that … From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we may safely draw/reach/e to/arrive/ the conclusion that… In conclusion/To sum up/In summary/In short/To conclude …. It is important/necessary / essential that effective/proper / powerful actions / measure / remedies should be taken to … 三、六級(jí)作文的謀篇布局 謀篇布局(1) 將提示的第一句作為文章的第一句 將提示的第三句作為第一段的最后一句 將提示的第二句展開成文章的中心段落 結(jié)論段歸納概括，提出建議。 謀篇布局（2） 根據(jù)話題加引段，于段尾提出自己的觀點(diǎn)（也就是提示中的第三句要求內(nèi)容） 將提示的第一句和第二句寫成文章的中心段落 根據(jù)文章的敘述重點(diǎn)，總結(jié)全文，提出方法等。 謀篇布局（3） 將提示的第一句和第二句合為第一段，于段尾提出自己的觀點(diǎn)； 說明自己的理由； 結(jié)論段總結(jié)全文 謀篇布局（4） 將提示中的第一句做為第一段主題句，然后拓展開 將提示的第二句做為第二段的主題句，拓展說明 將提示的第三句拓展成第三段，但注意與上面兩段的照應(yīng)，使其有總攬全文的作用 謀篇布局（5） 將提示中的第一句作為文章的第一段，并提主題； 舉例說明自己的觀點(diǎn)； 結(jié)論重述主題6級(jí)寫作中拓展主題句的有效途徑大學(xué)英語6級(jí)考試中的作文部分是考核學(xué)生用英語進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的能力,也就是語言的運(yùn)用能力, 但不是自由作文, 而是有控制的作文,即對(duì)作文的每一部分內(nèi)容有較明確的要求，用各種明確的方式如提綱、圖表、關(guān)鍵詞等加以規(guī)定。而提綱常用中文給出,學(xué)生需自擬主題句，因此，對(duì)主題句常有以下要求:(1) 意義完整: 主題句必須是一個(gè)意義完整、符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。(2) 表意清晰: 主題句中不能包含兩種或兩種以上的意義，要易于識(shí)別、確認(rèn)。(3) 避免籠統(tǒng)而抽象的概述：如:The book is interesting in content. 比The book is interesting. 更好些。(4)不宜采用問句的形式：像Is it worthwhile to go after fashion? 不宜作為主題句。主題句是作者思維的起點(diǎn)、切題的準(zhǔn)繩、闡述的對(duì)象，拓展好主題句關(guān)系到文章的成敗。所以拓展主題句要從語言形式上和內(nèi)容上這兩個(gè)方面著手。一、語言形式上1. 平行結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用 平行結(jié)構(gòu)作為一種使句子變得緊湊而錯(cuò)落有致的寫作方式，有以下功效:句式優(yōu)美、表達(dá)清晰、重點(diǎn)突出，使用盡可能少的詞傳達(dá)了盡可能多的信息。例如:主題句為Video games are a kind of entertainment. 利用平行結(jié)構(gòu)拓展為: They bring pleasures to youngsters, train them to respond quickly, stimulate their imagination in electronics. 不難看出，這個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)使得句子內(nèi)容豐富具體、行文流暢，有極強(qiáng)的說服力。2. 句式靈活多變 若文中的簡(jiǎn)單句出現(xiàn)得太多，就會(huì)顯得單調(diào)、含混、不生動(dòng)。要寫出生動(dòng)而鮮明的句子，可通過喬姆斯基的轉(zhuǎn)化生成語法中的嵌入方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，嵌入定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語后，: Books telling people how to adapt themselves to the society are worth reading. 讀起來比Books are worth reading. 更耐人尋味，是由于前一個(gè)句子中的主語前加了一個(gè)復(fù)雜的定語。再如:Harry stood at the edge of the path, watching the cars running. 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句后附上了伴隨狀語，使句子更加生動(dòng)。 在拓展主題句時(shí)，注意適時(shí)地變換句式，是一種有效的寫作策略，同時(shí)能使文章產(chǎn)生意想不到的文學(xué)效果。3. 使用符合英美人表達(dá)習(xí)慣的習(xí)語 能將諸如attach great importance to, leave a deep impression on, in due course, get the jump on等習(xí)語運(yùn)用到文章中,能反映了考生一定的語言功底和較高的英語表達(dá)水平。4. 連接手段的補(bǔ)充 準(zhǔn)確地使用一些signal words，總能讓松散的拓展句自然地銜接起來，而且整個(gè)段落層次分明、前后連貫。常用于表示因果關(guān)系的連詞有:so, hence, thus, therefore, as a result等.常用于表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連詞有:besides, moreover, furthermore, additionally等.常用于表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞有: however, nevertheless, but, yet, on the other hand等.常用于表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的表達(dá)方式有:Some prefer...others long for...。 We can pare A with B...。 ...have something in mon。 Each has its positive and negative aspects. 等.常用于舉例說明的表達(dá)方式有:A simple example is...。Take...as an example...。 An illustration will make the point clear.。 First, consider the case of...常用于總結(jié)全文的表達(dá)方式有:in a word, to sum up, in short, thus, the reason why we must...。 On account of this we find that...。 From this point of view...二、內(nèi)容上