【正文】 thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future / as they have in the past, / giving rise to new standards of elegance.　　第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：　　1)as well as和，以及，連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，must arise作句子謂語(yǔ)　　2)as they have in the past方式狀語(yǔ)，as就像是……，同……一樣　　3)giving rise to...表示伴隨狀語(yǔ)?！　〉谌?、詞的處理：　　New forms of thought 新的思維方式　　new subjects for thought 新的思維對(duì)象　　arise 出現(xiàn)　　giving rise to 給出，產(chǎn)生，帶來(lái)　　new standards of elegance 完美的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)　　完整的譯文：　　75)同過(guò)去一樣，將來(lái)必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對(duì)象，給完美以新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)97年　　翻譯題解：　　71) Actually, it isn39。t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Actually, it isn39。t, because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of human rights, / which is something the world does not 、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主從復(fù)合句?！　?)because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句　　2)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中是存在句結(jié)構(gòu)there is an agreed account of human rights,　　3)which從句的先行詞是human rights，something后面是定語(yǔ)從句the world does not have.　　第三、詞的處理：　　Actually 事實(shí)上　　it主語(yǔ)代詞，根據(jù)上下文意思這種問(wèn)法，這種說(shuō)法，isn39。t后面省略的詞應(yīng)該是so或true　　an agreed account 約定的看法，共同的認(rèn)識(shí)　　human rights 人的權(quán)利，人權(quán)完整的譯文：　　71)事實(shí)并非如此，因?yàn)檫@種問(wèn)法是以人們對(duì)人的權(quán)利有共同的認(rèn)識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的，而這種共同認(rèn)識(shí)并不存在。　　72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and 、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：　　1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主從復(fù)合句：Some philosophers argue that...　　2)that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句　　3)as part of...是賓語(yǔ)從句中的rights的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)?！　〉谌⒃~的處理：　　argue 論證　　a social contract 社會(huì)契約　　as part of 作為(是)……的一部分　　entitlements 利益，權(quán)利　　完整的譯文：　　72)有些哲學(xué)家論證說(shuō)，權(quán)利只存在社會(huì)契約中，是責(zé)任與利益相交換的一部分?！　?3) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.　　第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是：　　1)it invites you to think that...后面是賓語(yǔ)從句。　　2) animals should be treated either with..., or with...要么……要么……，是表示選擇的方式狀語(yǔ)?！　?)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定語(yǔ)?！　〉谌?、詞的處理：　　leads ...to extremes 引向極端　　at the outset 從一開(kāi)始　　invites you to think 使人們認(rèn)為　　consideration 關(guān)切，體諒　　humans extend to other humans 人對(duì)待人完整的譯文：　　73)這種說(shuō)法從一開(kāi)始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物：要么像對(duì)人類(lèi)自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無(wú)情?！　?4) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, / extremists of this kind think / that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.　　第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：　　1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句。Arguing from...現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)?！　?) the view和后面的從句that...是同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系　　3) that...引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。　　第三、詞的處理：　　Arguing from the view 從……觀點(diǎn)看，持……觀點(diǎn)　　different from... 與……不同　　in every relevant respect 在各相關(guān)方面　　extremists 極端主義者，持極端觀點(diǎn)的人　　lie outside the area of moral choice 不在道德問(wèn)題范圍，與道德取舍無(wú)關(guān)完整的譯文：　　74)這類(lèi)人持極端看法，認(rèn)為人與動(dòng)物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同，對(duì)待動(dòng)物無(wú)須考慮道德問(wèn)題。　　75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind39。s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：When that happens, it is not a mistake: / it is mankind39。s instinct for moral reasoning in action, / an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.　　第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是兩個(gè)復(fù)合句：　　1)When...是前一個(gè)復(fù)合句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)　　2)instinct后面的介詞短語(yǔ)for moral reasoning in action是它的定語(yǔ)　　3)that...是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞an instinct，從句中是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示選擇?！　〉谌⒃~的處理：　　that (代詞作主語(yǔ))聯(lián)系上下文譯為這種反應(yīng)　　mankind39。s instinct for moral reasoning 人類(lèi)道德觀念推理的本能　　in action 起作用　　rather than 而不完整的譯文：　75)這種反應(yīng)并不錯(cuò)，這是人類(lèi)用道德觀念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì)而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄。98年 翻譯題解：　　71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.　　第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：主句+ for +原因狀語(yǔ)從句。　　1)主句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句it was... that...被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分the farthest是后面句子的狀語(yǔ)，可以理解為scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past　　2) for...引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu)，what they were seeing是從句中的主語(yǔ)，that...是名詞表語(yǔ)the patterns and structures的定語(yǔ)從句?！　〉谌?、詞的處理：　　even more important (省略)更為重要的是　　the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)　　15 billion years ago 150億年前完整的譯文：　　71)但更為重要的是，這是科學(xué)家們所能觀測(cè)到的最遙遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去的景象，因?yàn)樗麄兛吹降氖?50億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)?！　?2) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.　　第二、句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句?！　?)整體結(jié)構(gòu)是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...2)first put forward in the 1920s是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明前面的名詞the Big Bang　　3)后面的不定式短語(yǔ)是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)?！　〉谌?、詞的處理：　　the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云　　virtually 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上，實(shí)質(zhì)上　　the Big Bang 大爆炸理論　　first put forward 首創(chuàng)的，開(kāi)始提出的　　in the 1920s 二十年代　　to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位　　explanation of the cosmos 對(duì)宇宙(起源論)的解釋　　完整的譯文：　　72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，實(shí)際上是使二十年代首創(chuàng)的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導(dǎo)地位所必不可少的?！　?3) Astrophysicists working with groundbased detectors at the South Pole and balloonborne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Astrophysicists working with groundbased detectors at the South Pole and balloonborne instrume