【導(dǎo)讀】較新的機(jī)電設(shè)備，它已經(jīng)開始改變現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的面貌。研究已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了20多年，現(xiàn)在開始開花結(jié)果了。擁有人解剖學(xué)上的全部結(jié)構(gòu)。的移動，完成相對簡單的工作。刀具、以及專用裝置。加工有不同的作用。那么一個數(shù)控加工中心也可以被認(rèn)為是。驅(qū)動和控制十分相似。氣壓系統(tǒng)提供動力。控制或閉環(huán)控制。床和數(shù)控控制器。器端部的工具組成。一種典型的機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)如圖5、1. 這些機(jī)器人稱為龍門機(jī)器人。

　　

【正文】 e world, none of them as yet has bee a universally standard 全世界內(nèi)有很多分類系統(tǒng)和編碼系統(tǒng)已被開發(fā)，但是直到目前為止沒有一個成為普遍的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 This is mainly because of the fact that a system must meet the specific needs of the anization for which it has been developed.這主要是由于每一個系統(tǒng)必須滿足開發(fā)它的組織的多種多樣需求。 It is, therefore, the right approach to develop a group technology classification and coding scheme based on the specific needs of the client or to tailor an existing turnkey system to meet those ，根據(jù)客戶的具體需求去開發(fā)一組分類方案和編碼方案或者定制現(xiàn)有的整套系統(tǒng)來滿足需求是正確的方法。 As previously mentioned, there are many benefits for group technology。 these can fall within two main areas of application, design and 前面所說的那樣，成組技術(shù)有很多好處；這些都可以被分成兩個領(lǐng)域，設(shè)計和生產(chǎn)。 Although it is always the ultimate goal to bine the advantages of group technology in both areas, this is usually very difficult to achieve, and the result is either a designoriented or a manufacturingoriented system.盡管最終目的是把成組技術(shù)的有點融合于這兩個領(lǐng)域，但是這很難實現(xiàn)，結(jié)果要么是使其面向設(shè)計的，要么是面向制造的。 Construction of a coding system. 一個編碼系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建。 A coding system may be based only on numbers or only on alphabets, or it can also be alphanumeric. 一個編碼系統(tǒng)可能僅基于數(shù)字或者僅基于字母，或者它也可以是 數(shù) 字 字 母 。 When using alphabetical codes, each position ( or digital location ) can have 26 different alternatives, but the alternative values are only limited to 10 per position when numerical codes are used.當(dāng)使用字母代碼，每一位（或者數(shù)字位置）可以有 26 個不同的選擇，但是當(dāng)使用數(shù)字代碼時每一個選擇減少為 10 個每位。 Consequently, alphabets are employed to widen the scope of a coding scheme and make it more flexible.結(jié)果，字母被用來拓寬編碼方案的范圍使它更加靈活。 There are basically two types of code constructions, namely, monocodes and polycodes. 有兩種基本的代碼結(jié)構(gòu)，即 monocodes 和 ploycodes。 Monocodes which are also referred to as hierarchical or treestructure codes, are based on the approach that each digit amplifies the information given in the preceding digit. Monocodes也被稱為分層結(jié)構(gòu) 或者樹結(jié)構(gòu)，是基于每個數(shù)字詳述由前面的數(shù)字提供的信息的方法。 It is, therefore, obvious that the meaning of each digit ( or what a digit indicates ) is dependent upon the digits preceding it. 因此，這是很明顯的每個數(shù)字的意思取決于它前面的數(shù)字。 Monocodes tend to be short and are shapeoriented. Monocodes一般是短的和面向 形狀的。 However, they do not directly indicate the attributes of ponents because of their hierarchical ，由于它們的分層結(jié)構(gòu)，它們不會直接表現(xiàn)出組件的屬性 Consequently, they are usually used for designing storage and retrieval and are not successful for manufacturing applications.因此，它們通常用于存儲和檢索設(shè)計而沒有成功用于制造業(yè)。 On the contrary, the meaning of each digit in a polycode is pletely independently of any other digits and provides information that can be directly recognized from its code.(相反，在多位碼里面的沒一個數(shù)字和其他數(shù)字都是完全相互獨立的，并且提供一些能從他 的密碼直接讀取的信息。 ) For this latter reason the polycode is sometimes referred as the attribute code, the basic idea illustrated in ,which indicates the way a polycode is structured.（由于前面所說的原因多位碼有時也被稱為屬性代碼，它的基本思想的解釋如圖 ，圖中說明了一個多位碼的構(gòu)造方法） We can easily see that a polycode is generally manufacturingoriented, because the easily identifiable attributes help the manufacturing engineer determine the processing requirements of parts.（我們很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)一個多位碼一般來說是起源于機(jī)械制造，因為很容易識別的代碼能幫助機(jī)械工程師決定每個零件的加工工序。） Moreover, a polycode involves a string of features , a structure that makes it particularly suitable for puter analysis.（而且，一個多位碼包含有一連串的特征，它具有這樣一種結(jié)構(gòu)，使其特別適合計算機(jī)分析。） nevertheless, polycodes tend to be long ,and a digit location must be reserved whether or not that particular feature that applies to a part of a family being coded .（然而，多位碼比較長，不管某一碼位所有特征是否適用于正在被編碼零件族中的某一零件，這一碼位仍必須保留下來。） it is , therefore, a mon industrial practice to use a hybrid construction , bining the advantages of each of the tow basic codes while eliminating their disadvantages.（因此，在工業(yè)實踐中非常常見的例子是用一種混血兒結(jié)構(gòu)，即包含了兩種基本密碼的優(yōu)點，同時又摒棄了它們的不足） In a bination type, the first digit divides the whole group of parts into subgroups, where shorter polycodes are employed.（在一個混血兒結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個數(shù)字把整個碼又分成多個次級碼，在這些次級碼中采用了短的多位碼。） Also, in order to eliminate pletely the possibility of error when coding a part, an interactive conversational puter program is employed, where the puter asks questions and automatically assigns a code for the part based on answers provided by the user at the puter terminal.（并且為了消除在譯碼的過程中出現(xiàn)錯誤的可能性，通常會采用互動性的計算機(jī)會話系統(tǒng)，在運行程序的過程中，計算機(jī)提出問題，并且自動的基于在電腦終端的用戶提供的答案，為這一部分分配密碼。） An example of that automated coding is the MICLASS system, which has developed by the Netherland’ s Organization for Applied Scientific Research and has gained industrial application in the US during the last decade.（一個自動的分配密碼的例子就是 MICLASS 系統(tǒng)，這是 the Netherland’ s Organization for Applied Scientific Research 研發(fā)的，并且在上個十年中在美國的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中得到了應(yīng)用） Design of Production Cells（生產(chǎn)單元的設(shè)計） It is time to see how a production cell can be designed.（我們應(yīng)該了解生產(chǎn)單元是怎么樣被設(shè)計出來的） But, before doing so, we need to understand a new concept, namely, the posite part. （但是，我們必須了解一個新的概念，也就是復(fù)合零件） This is a hypothetical part that has all attributes possessed by all of the individual parts of a family. （這是一個假想的部分，被每一個零件組的個體所擁有） Consequently, the processes required to manufacture the parts of a family would be all employed to produce the posite part representing that family. （因此，加工整個零件組的加工工序?qū)⒈粦?yīng)用于每一個個體中來代表整個零件組。） Any part that is a member of that family can be then obtained by deleting, as appropriate, some of operations required for producing the posite part.（零件組的每一部分都可以通過適當(dāng)?shù)那邢鱽慝@得，這其中有一些工序是由來生產(chǎn)復(fù)合零件的） illustrates that concept of the posite part consisting of all processing attributes of all the parts of the family, which are also shown in that figure.（ 圖 說明了復(fù)合零件是怎么樣通過成組加工技術(shù)生產(chǎn)出來的） The next step is to design the machining cell to provide all machining capabilities based on the processing attributes of the posite part for the family of parts that is to be manufactured in that machining cell. 下一步是設(shè)計機(jī)械元件來提供一些機(jī)械性能，這