【正文】 a FE80::8C6D:22FF:FEFF:6F63, Serial0/0R 2008:4444::/64 [120/4] via FE80::8C6D:22FF:FEFF:6F63, Serial0/0表明路由器R1學(xué)習(xí)到了三條rip路由條目，并可以看到它們處于的網(wǎng)段以及下一跳的IPv6地址（3）show ipv6 protocols 查看路由器中啟用的進(jìn)程R3show ipv6 protocols IPv6 Routing Protocol is connectedIPv6 Routing Protocol is staticIPv6 Routing Protocol is rip cisco Interfaces: Serial0/1 Serial0/0 Redistribution: None可以觀察到路由器R3上啟用了哪些路由協(xié)議。connected表示直連，static表示靜態(tài)，rip cisco表示啟用了rip協(xié)議進(jìn)程標(biāo)示是cisco，并應(yīng)用在端口Serial0/1和Serial0/0上。（4）show ipv6 rip 查看有哪些rip進(jìn)程，以及進(jìn)程的詳細(xì)信息R2show ipv6 rip RIP process cisco, port 521, multicastgroup FF02::9, pid 182 Administrative distance is 120. Maximum paths is 16 Updates every 30 seconds, expire after 180 Holddown lasts 0 seconds, garbage collect after 120 Split horizon is on。 poison reverse is on Default routes are not generated Periodic updates 32, trigger updates 3 Interfaces: Serial0/1 Serial0/0 Redistribution: None可以觀察到R2路由器上只啟用了rip的一個(gè)進(jìn)程cisco、端口號(hào)是52組播地址是FF02::更新時(shí)間30ms、最大保持時(shí)間是120ms、水平分割和毒性逆轉(zhuǎn)為開啟狀態(tài)、協(xié)議應(yīng)用在接口Serial0/1和Serial0/0上、沒有進(jìn)行充分部。5．5 IPv6 OSPFv3配置實(shí)例實(shí)驗(yàn)介紹：RRRR4是在IPv6區(qū)域內(nèi)部的路由器，彼此通過串口相互鏈接，并且R1路由器通過serial 0/1鏈接了外網(wǎng)。2007：12：：/64處于ospf區(qū)域1中，2007：23：：/64處于區(qū)域0中，2007：34：：/64處于區(qū)域2中?，F(xiàn)要求四臺(tái)路由器能相互通信，學(xué)習(xí)到路由條目并連接外網(wǎng)。R1R2R3R4S0/0S0/0S0/11S0/1S0/0S0/02007:12::/642007:23::/642007:34::/64.1.2.2.3.3.4InternetArea1Area0Area2S0/1g0/02008:4444::4/64圖53 OSPFv3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)鋱D RRRR4處于IPv6的環(huán)境中實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：（1）配置路由器R1R1conf tR1(config)ipv6 unicastrouting //啟用ipv6功能R1(config)ipv6 router ospf 1 //啟用ospfv3協(xié)議，進(jìn)程號(hào)是1R1(configrtr)routerid //R1(configrtr) defaultintformation originate metric 30 metrictype 2 //向ospfv3 區(qū)域中注入一條默認(rèn)的路由，度量值為30，度量的類型是2.R1(config)interface serial 0/0R1(configif)ipv6 address 2007:12::1/64R1(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 1 //在端口serial 0/0中啟用了ospfv3功能，并且區(qū)域是1R1(configif)no shutdownR1(config)ipv6 route ::/0 s0/1 //宣告默認(rèn)路由（2）配置路由器R2R2conf tR2(config)ipv6 unicastroutingR2(config)ipv6 router ospf 1R2(configrtr)routerid R2(config)interface serial0/0R2(configif)ipv6 address 2007:12::2/64R2(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 1R2(configif)clock rate 128000R2(configif)no shutdownR2(config)interface serial0/1R2(configif)ipv6 address 2007:23::2/64R2(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 0R2(configif) clock rate 128000R2(configif)no shutdown（3）配置路由器R3R3conf tR3(config)ipv6 unicastroutingR3(config)ipv6 router ospf 1R3(configrtr)routerid R3(config)interface serial0/0R3(configif)ipv6 address 2007:34::3/64R3(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 2R3(configif)clock rate 128000R3(configif)no shutdownR3(config)interface serial0/1R3(configif)ipv6 address 2007:23::3/64R3(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 0R3(configif)no shutdown（4）配置路由器R4R4conf tR4(config)ipv6 unicastroutingR4(config)ipv6 router ospf 1R4(configrtr)routerid R4(config)interface gigabitEthernet0/0R4(configif)ipv6 address 2008:4444::4/64R4(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 2R4(configif)no shutdownR4(config)interface serial0/0R4(configif)ipv6 address 2007:34::4/64R4(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 2R4(configif)no shutdown實(shí)驗(yàn)調(diào)試：（1）show ipv6 route ospf 查看路由表中的ospf路由條目R4show ipv6 route ospfIPv6 Routing Table 8 entriesCodes: C Connected, L Local, S Static, R RIP, B BGP U Peruser Static route I1 ISIS L1, I2 ISIS L2, IA ISIS interarea, IS ISIS summary O OSPF intra, OI OSPF inter, OE1 OSPF ext 1, OE2 OSPF ext 2 ON1 OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 OSPF NSSA ext 2OI 2007:12::/64 [110/192] via FE80::5C10:8CFF:FEE0:FE89, Serial0/0OI 2007:23::/64 [110/128] via FE80::5C10:8CFF:FEE0:FE89, Serial0/0觀察到了路由器R4中學(xué)習(xí)到的兩條路由條目。OI表示從其他區(qū)域?qū)W習(xí)到的ospf路由條目。（2）show ipv6 protocols 查看路由器上啟用的進(jìn)程R3show ipv6 protocolsIPv6 Routing Protocol is connectedIPv6 Routing Protocol is staticIPv6 Routing Protocol is ospf 1 Interfaces (Area 0): Serial0/1 Interfaces (Area 2): Serial0/0 Redistribution: None可以觀察到路由器R3上啟用了哪些路由協(xié)議。connected表示直連，static表示靜態(tài)，ospf 1表示啟用了ospf協(xié)議以及進(jìn)程號(hào)為1。應(yīng)用在Serial0/1上的區(qū)域是0，應(yīng)用在Serial0/0上的區(qū)域是2。（3）show ipv6 ospf neighbor 查看啟用了ospf路由器的鄰居R1show ipv6 ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Interface ID Interface 1 FULL/ 00:00:32 4 Serial0/0表明R1路由器的鄰居是路由器R2，連接狀態(tài)為FULL，死亡時(shí)間還有32ms，鄰居的接口是Serial0/0。R2show ipv6 ospf neighborNeighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Interface ID Interface 1 FULL/ 00:00:31 5 Serial0/1 1 FULL/ 00:00:33 4 Serial0/0表明R2路由器的鄰居有路由器R1，連接狀態(tài)為FULL，死亡時(shí)間還有33ms，鄰居的接口是Serial0/，連接狀態(tài)為FULL，死亡時(shí)間還有31ms，鄰居的接口是Serial0/1（4）ping ipv6命令測試網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性R1ping ipv6 2007:34::3Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100byte ICMP Echos to 2007:34::3, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), roundtrip min/avg/max = 220/313/460 ms通過ping ipv6 2007:34::3表明路由器R1和R3可以相互通信R4ping ipv6 2007:12::1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100byte ICMP Echos to 2007:12::1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), roundtrip min/avg/max = 220/273/428 ms通過ping ipv6 2007:12::1表明路由器R4和R1可以相互通信6 IPv4與IPv6的共存和整合現(xiàn)在針對(duì)IPv4和IPv6的轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù)比較多，對(duì)于這些轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù)根據(jù)特定的轉(zhuǎn)換環(huán)境來進(jìn)行分類。例如在兩IPv6節(jié)點(diǎn)間的通信，骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)是IPv4，最適合的方式是隧道技術(shù)。隧道技術(shù)很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)而且在網(wǎng)絡(luò)層沒有轉(zhuǎn)換的要求，而為了完成透明的IPv4節(jié)點(diǎn)和IPv6節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的通信，可以采用NAPT－PT等解釋轉(zhuǎn)換的技術(shù)。Internet工程組的IPng轉(zhuǎn)換策略工作組(IETF IPng Transition Working Group)討論了已經(jīng)給出的所有轉(zhuǎn)換策略，IPng總結(jié)了一下轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù)主要分為三大類：雙協(xié)議棧技術(shù)，隧道技術(shù)和地址/協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換。6．1 雙協(xié)議棧IPv6和IPv4是功能相近的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議，兩者都基于相同的物理平臺(tái)，而且加載于其上的傳輸層協(xié)議TCP和UDP又沒有任何區(qū)別。由圖51所示的協(xié)議棧結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，如果一臺(tái)主機(jī)同時(shí)支持IPv6和IPv4兩種協(xié)議，那么該主機(jī)既能與支持IPv4協(xié)議的主機(jī)通信，又能與支持IPv6協(xié)議的主機(jī)通信，這就是雙協(xié)議棧技術(shù)的工作機(jī)理。