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esponses… 5 GI (glucose = 100) ? Real and potential variances on standard 4 calorie per gram caloric load – Insoluble fiber = 0 calories per gram – Soluble fiber = 4 cal per gram (most scientific evidence indicates ~ calorie per gram energy density。 can depend on fiber type and source) Applications ? Carb modified foods – Low, no “sugar” – No “sugar added” – High fiber ? Low glycemic index foods – Carb modified – Fat modified – Protein modified – Structure modified ? Low, no cal foods – Reduced, low, no ? Lipid modified foods – Reduced, low, no fat – Low, no sat fat – Low, no trans fat – Reduced, low, no cholesterol – Plant sterols – Modified fats amp。 oils Applications ? Fortified foods: Adding what is missing ? Dietary supplements: true supplement to the diet (stay tuned) – Vitamins, minerals – Dietary fiber ? Medical foods: Foods taken in response to nutritional state – Infant formulas – Management of diabetes ? Meal replacements – Calorie management – Diet management – Weight management Applications ? Beverages – Still, carbonated – Pasteurized, hot filled, retort, UHT ? Baked Goods – Yeast raised – Sweet goods – Chemically leavened ? Processed meats – Ground meats – Coarse ground sausage – Emulsion types – Whole muscle types ? Confectionery – Hard – Soft – Bars, bites ? Cereals – RTE – Hot ? Processed dairy foods (all types) ? Miscellaneous – Sauces, soups – Mixes – Spreads – Dressings What can you say about foods created? ? Nutrient content claims: Well defined and analytically substantiated ? Health claims and qualified health claims: Well defined with specific terminology, restrictions, and “qualifications” ? Structure/function claims: Allowed in foods but how to substantiate?