【正文】 s96.331Total 98BBetween Groups2.908.026Within Groups96.238Total 98CBetween Groups2.773.193Within Groups96.462Total 98DBetween Groups2.024.976Within Groups96.676Total 98EBetween Groups2.584.228Within Groups96.389Total 98FBetween Groups2.042Within Groups96.549Total 98GBetween Groups2.949.051Within Groups96.310Total 98TotscoreBetween Groups.1912.643.528Within Groups96.149Total 98Scheff233。39。s posthoc test was used to show parisons between means of strategies according to learning level, as in tables (9), (10), (11), and (12).The strategies that showed significant differences were Memory strategies, Cognitive strategies, Social strategies and Others strategies. The results of Scheff233。39。s posthoc test indicated that there were significant differences between means of Memory strategies according to learning level in favor of the sophomores. This indicates that sophomores use more Memory strategies (Table 9).The results also indicated significant differences in means of Cognitive strategies in favor of the juniors (Table 10), and differences in Social strategies in favor of the sophomores and the juniors (table11). Finally, there were significant differences in means of Others strategies in favor of the sophomores (Table 12). [9]Table 9 Scheff233。39。s Posthoc test for Memory strategiesLearning levelMeanSoph.Jun.Sen.Soph..36 *Jun..33Sen.Table 10 Scheff233。39。s Posthoc test for cognitive strategiesLearning levelMeanSoph.Jun.Sen.Soph..21.11Jun..33 *Sen. Table 11 Scheff233。39。s Posthoc test for Social strategiesLearning levelMeanSoph.Jun.Sen.Soph..32.36 *Jun..36 *Sen.Table 12 Scheff233。39。s Posthoc test for Other strategiesLearning levelMeanSoph.Jun.Sen.Soph..44 * .29Jun..25Sen.Self efficacySelfefficacy refers to personal judgments of performance capabilities in a given domain of activities (Schunk, 1985, p. 208).Schunk maintains that people confidently perform activities that they judge themselves capable of managing, but they avoid those they believe exceed their ability. In addition, people who have a stronger sense of selfefficacy tend to exert greater efforts to meet challenges and tend to make decisions on when and how to use strategies to solve problems. NaeDong Yang (1999) found that language learners39。 selfefficacy beliefs about learning English were strongly related to their use of all types of learning strategies.As a measure of selfefficacy in this study, the subjects were asked to rate how successful they perceived themselves to be in English.The subjects39。 self efficacy was measured in three terms: very good, good, and poor. Table 13 shows the strategy means according to self efficacy. [10]Table 13 Strategy means according to self efficacyStrategy good poor MemoryCognitiveCompensationMetacognitiveAffectiveSocialOthersTo determine the differences in strategy use according to selfefficacy, ANOVA (F) Test was used as in table (14).Table 14 Anova for differences in strategy use according to selfefficacyDomainsSource ofSum ofDf MeanSquareFSig. ABetween Groups2.515.238Within Groups96.353Total 98BBetween Groups2.000Within Groups96.210Total 98CBetween Groups2.733.211Within Groups96.463Total 98DBetween Groups2.930.249Within Groups96.659Total 98EBetween Groups.7082.354.898.411Within Groups96.394Total 98FBetween Groups2.007.993Within Groups96.586Total 98GBetween Groups.1222.185.831Within Groups96.329Total 98Totscore Between Groups.61202.306.126Within Groups96.144Total 98The ANOVA (F) test indicated that there were no significant differences for all strategies except for Memory strategies. To determine the significant differences in strategies according to self efficacy, Scheff233。s poshoc test was used. The result of Scheff233。39。s posthoc showed that there is a significant difference at (p = ) on Cognitive strategies between very good and good in favor of very good. However, there is no signif