【導(dǎo)讀】聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。我們從書籍中可讀到5,000年前近東發(fā)生的事情，那里的人最早學(xué)會了寫字。在,世界上有些地方，人們還不會書寫。他們保存歷史的唯一辦法是將歷史當(dāng)作傳說講述，由講述人一代接一代地將史實描述為傳奇故事口傳下來。人類學(xué)家過去不清楚如今生活在太。2,000年前從印度尼西亞遷來的。于是，考古學(xué)家們既缺乏歷史記載，又無口頭傳說來幫助他們弄清最早的“現(xiàn)代人”。他們也可能用過木頭和獸皮，但這類東西早已腐爛殆盡。因此，盡管制造這些工具的人的骨頭早已蕩然無存，但遠古時代的石頭工具卻保存了下來。

　　

【正文】 rowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they bee merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwele. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. 參考譯文 有些老年人因為怕死而感到煩惱。青年人有這種感覺是情有可原的。有理由害怕自己會 死在戰(zhàn)場上的年輕人，想到自己被剝奪了生活所能給予的最美好的東西時，感到痛苦，這是 可以理解的?？墒抢夏耆艘呀?jīng)飽嘗了人間的甘苦，一切能做的都做了，如果怕死，就有點兒 可憐又可鄙?？朔滤赖淖詈棉k法 至少在我看來是這樣 就是逐漸使自己的興趣更加 廣泛，逐漸擺脫個人狹小的圈子，直到自我的圍墻一點一點地倒塌下來，自己的生活慢慢地 和整個宇宙的生活融合在一起。個人的存在應(yīng)該像一條河流，開始很小，被緊緊地夾在兩岸 中 間，接著熱情奔放地沖過巨石，飛下瀑布。然后河面漸漸地變寬，兩岸后撤，河水流得平 緩起來，最后連綿不斷地匯入大海，毫無痛苦地失去了自我的存在。上了年紀(jì)的人這樣看待 生命，就不會有懼怕死亡的心情了，因為自己關(guān)心的一切事件都會繼續(xù)下去。 再者，隨著 精力的衰退，老年人的疲憊會增長，有長眠的愿望未嘗不是一件好事情，我希望工作到死為 止，明白了有人會繼續(xù)我的未竟事業(yè)，想到能做的事都做了，也就坦然了。 Unit 2 Lesson 12 Banks and their customers 銀行和顧客 First listen and then answer the following question. 聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。 Why is there no risk to the customer when a bank prints the customer39。s name on his cheques? When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person. Primarily, the bankercustomer relationship is that of debtor and creditor who is which depending on whether the customer39。s account is in credit or is overdrawn. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give in to problems and plications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot plain that the law is loaded against him. The bank must obey its customer39。s instructions, and not those of anyone else. When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques draw by himself. He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer39。s money on a cheques on which its customer39。s signature has been fed. It makes no difference that the fery may have been a very skilful one: the bank must recognize its customer39。s signature. For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer39。s name on his cheques. If this facilitates fery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer. 參考譯文 任何人在銀行開一個活期賬戶，就等于把錢借給了銀行。這筆錢他可以隨時提取，提取 的方式可以是取現(xiàn)金，也可以是開一張以他人為收款人的支票。銀行與儲戶的關(guān)系主要是債 務(wù)人和債權(quán)人的關(guān)系。究竟誰是債務(wù)人誰是債權(quán)人，要看儲戶是有結(jié)余還是透支。除了這一 基本的簡單的概念外，銀行和儲戶彼此還需承擔(dān)大量義務(wù)。其中許多義務(wù)往往引起問題和糾 紛。但是儲戶不能像貨物的買主那樣來抱怨法律對自己不利。 銀行必須遵照儲戶的囑托辦事，不能聽從其他人的指令。比如，儲戶首次在銀行開戶時， 囑咐銀行他的存款只能憑本世人簽 字的支票來提取。他把自己簽名的樣本交給銀行，對此有 一條非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定：銀行沒有任何權(quán)利或理由把儲戶的錢讓偽造儲戶的支票取走。即使偽 造得很巧妙，也不能付款，因為銀行有責(zé)任辨認(rèn)出其儲戶的簽名。因此，某些銀行已采用把 儲戶印在支票上的作法。這種做法對儲戶毫無風(fēng)險。如果因這種作法出現(xiàn)了偽造的話，受損 失的將不是儲戶，而是銀行。 Lesson 13 The search for oil 探尋石油 First listen and then answer the following question. 聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。 What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil? The deepest holes of all made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,0000 feet. But we not need to send men down to get the oil our, as we must with other mineral deposits. The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. When is has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick. It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom. The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through. Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure, either from or water, is pushing it. This pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe. We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas. We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner. 參考譯文 在所有洞穴中，為尋找石油所鉆出的洞是最深的，這些洞可深達 25,000 英尺。但是， 我們不必像開采其他礦藏那樣，把人送到地下去把石油取出。這些洞只不過是一些鉆孔，直 徑不到 1 英尺。我是專門搞石油的，尋找石油比其他任何采礦業(yè)對改進鉆探作的貢獻都要大。 當(dāng)確定鉆孔地點后，我們就在那里豎起一個井架。井架必須很高，因為它像一個巨型滑輪組。 我們必須把很長的鉆桿一節(jié)節(jié)地鉆入地下，然后再從地下拉出來。鉆桿頂部安裝的發(fā)動機帶 動鉆桿旋轉(zhuǎn)，它的底部裝有鉆頭。 地質(zhì)學(xué)家需要知道鉆頭已以到達什么樣的巖層，因此時常要用芯鉆頭取樣。這種鉆頭能 切割一段光滑的圓柱形巖石，從中能看出所鉆透的地層。一旦到達油層，石油就會由于地下 巨大的壓力流到地面上來，這種巨大的壓力來自地下天然氣或水。這種壓力必須加 以控制， 我們讓泥槳順著鉆桿向下循環(huán)，用這種方法來控制壓力。我們盡量避免使用陳舊天真的噴井 方法，那樣會浪費石油和天然氣。我們要讓石油留在井下，直到我們能用一種有控制的方法 把它引上來為止。 Lesson 14 The Butterfly Effect 蝴蝶效應(yīng) First listen and then answer the following question. 聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。 Why do small errors make it impossible to predict the weather system with a high degree of accuracy? Beyond two or three days, the world39。s best weather forecasts are speculative, and beyond six or seven they are worthless. The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms a