【導(dǎo)讀】生命可以被想象，但是不能被割裂，也不能被復(fù)制。生命的整體一旦被破壞就會引起混亂。孿生兒，而已獨(dú)生苗。雖然早晚都要像嬰兒那樣被孕育成熟，長得也像嬰兒，卻有著一種無敵的力量能決。定命運(yùn)，不能接受同一個生命。每一天在人們的舉手投足之間都體現(xiàn)了一種無須掩飾的神性。深信不疑，同時去懷疑他人。我們可以讓自己為所欲為，同樣的事，別人做，我們稱之為罪孽；我們只要。自己想好一個安全維度，而這個安全是不能讓別人來享用的。行為從內(nèi)在和外表，從性質(zhì)和后果去看，各為不同。兇手行兇時所抱的意圖決不像詩人以及傳奇作家。行兇一事并不難策劃，智力是反法律主義或超。愛默生，美國思想家，散文家，詩人，19世紀(jì)超驗(yàn)主義的代表人物。1837年發(fā)表《論美國學(xué)者》，抨擊美國社會中。1838年發(fā)表題為《神學(xué)院致辭》的演講，充分發(fā)展了超驗(yàn)主義的思想，即反對權(quán)威，崇尚直。覺，主張人能超越感覺和理性而直接認(rèn)識真理。

　　

【正文】 are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving. I am strongly drawn to a frugal life and am often oppressively aware that I am engrossing an undue amount of the labor of my fellowmen. I regard class distinctions as unjustified and, in the last resort, based on force. I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody, physically and mentally. I do not at all believe in human freedom in the philosophical sense. Everybody acts not only under external pulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity. Schopenhauer39。s saying, A man can do what he wants, but not want what he wants, has been a very real inspiration to me since my youth。 it has been a continual consolation in the face of life39。s hardships, my own and others39。, and an unfailing wellspring of tolerance. This realization mercifully mitigates the easily paralyzing sense of responsibility and prevents us from taking ourselves and other people all too seriously。 it is conducive to a view of life which, in particular, gives humor its due. To inquire after the meaning or object of one39。s own existence or that of all creatures has always seemed to me absurd from an objective point of view. And yet everybody has certain ideals which determine the direction of his endeavors and his judgments. In this sense I have never looked upon ease and happiness as ends in themselvesthis ethical basis I call the ideal of a pigsty. The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully, have been Kindness, Beauty, and Truth. Without the sense of kinship with men of like mind, without the occupation with the objective world, the eternally unattainable in the field of art and scientific endeavors, life would have seemed to me empty. The trite objects of human effortspossessions, outward success, luxuryhave always seemed to me contemptible. My passionate sense of social justice and social responsibility has always contrasted oddly with my pronounced lack of need for direct contact with other human beings and human munities. I am truly a lone traveler and have never belonged to my country, my home, my friend, or even my immediate family, with my whole heart。 in the face of all these ties, I have never lost a sense of distance and a need for solitudefeelings which increase with the years. One bees sharply aware, but without regret, of the limits of mutual understanding and consonance with other people. No doubt, such a person loses some of his innocence and unconcern。 on the other hand, he is largely independent, of the opinions, habits, and judgments of his fellows and avoids the temptation to build his inner equilibrium upon such insecure foundations. My political ideal is democracy. Let every man be respected as an individual and no man idolized. It is an irony of fate that I myself have been the recipient of excessive admiration and reverence from my fellowbeing, through no fault, and no merit, of my own. The cause of this may well be the desire, unattainable for many, to understand the few ideas to which I have with my feeble powers attained through ceaseless struggle. I am quite aware that it is necessary for the achievement of the objective of an anization that one man should do the thinking and directing and generally bear the responsibility. But the led must not be coerced, they must be able to choose their leader. An autocratic system of coercion, in my opinion, soon degenerates. For force always attracts men of low morality, and I believe it to be an invariable rule that tyrants of genius are succeeded by scoundrels, For this reason I have always been passionately opposed to systems such as we see in Italy and Russia today. The thing that has brought discredit upon the form of democracy as it exists in Europe today is not to be laid to the door of the democratic principle as such, but to the lack of stability of governments and to the impersonal character of the electoral system. I believe that in this respect the United States of America have found the right way. They have a President powers really to exercise his responsibility. What I value, on the other hand, in the 英語經(jīng)典散文 11 German political system is the more extensive provision that it makes for the individual in case of illness or need. The really valuable thing in the pageant of human life seems to me not the political state, but the creative, sentient individual, the personality。 it alone creates the noble and the sublime, while the herd as such remains dull in thought and dull in feeling. This topic brings me to that worst outcrop of herd life, the military system, which I abhor. That a man can take pleasure in marching in fours to the strains of a band is enough to make me despise him. He has only been given his big brain by mistake。 unprotected spinal marrow was all he needed. This plaguespot of civilization ought to be abolished with all possible speed. Heroism on mand, senseless violence, and all the loathsome nonsense that goes by the name of patriotism how passionately I hate them! How vile and despicable seems war to me! I would rather be hacked in pieces than take part in such an abominable business. My opinion of the human race is high enough that I believe this bogey would have disappeared long ago, had the sound sense of the peoples not been systematically corrupted by mercial and political interests acting through the schools and the Press. The most beautiful experience we can have is the mysterious. It is the fundamental emotion which stands at the cradle of true art and true science . Whoever does not know it and can no longer wonder, no longer marvel, is as good as dead, and his eyes are dimmed. It was the experience of mystery even if mixed with fear that engendere