【正文】 safe for himself, which is nowise to be indulged to another. The act looks very differently on the inside, and on the outside。 in its quality, and in its consequences. Murder in the murderer is no such ruinous thought as poets and romancers will have it。s point of view, but, when acted, are found destructive of society. No man at last believes that he can be lost, nor that the crime in him is as black as in the felon. Because the intellect qualifies in our own case the moral judgments. For there is no crime to the intellect. That is antinomian or hypernomian, and judges law as well as fact. Life（生命） [美國 ]愛默生 生命可以被想象，但是不能被割裂，也不能被復制。靈魂不是孿生兒，而已獨生苗。每一天在人們的舉手投足之間都體現(xiàn)了一種無須掩飾的神性。我們可以讓自己為所欲為，同樣的事，別人做，我們稱之為罪孽；我們只要自己來實驗。換句話說，人人都為自己想好一個安全維度，而這個安全是不能讓別人來享用的。兇手行兇時所抱的意圖決不像詩人以及傳奇作家所描述的那樣傷天害理，日常里人們也覺察不出他心神不寧或誠惶誠恐的蛛絲馬跡。尤其是愛情所激發(fā)的罪行，從施罪者的角度看，似乎一切都理所當然，但這罪畢竟貽害社會。這是因為，就我們自身的情形而言，智力修正著道義判斷，在智力的眼中，世上萬事并無罪過。 作者介紹： 愛默生（ 18031882），美國思想家，散文家，詩人， 19 世紀超驗主義的代表人物。 1833 年赴歐洲游歷，遍訪歐洲文化名人。 1838 年發(fā)表題為《神學院致辭》的演講，充分發(fā)展了超驗主義的思想，即反對權(quán)威，崇尚直覺，主張人能超越感覺和理性而直接認識真理。這三種激情像變化莫測的狂風任意地把我刮來刮去，把我刮入痛苦的深海，到了絕望的邊緣。我尋求愛，其次是因為愛能解除孤獨 —— 在這種可怕的孤獨 中，一顆顫抖的良心在世界的邊緣，注視著下面冰涼、毫無生氣、望不見底的深淵。這就是我所追求的東西，雖然這似乎對于人類的生命來說過于完美，但這確實是我最終發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西。 愛的力量和知識的力量引我接近天堂，但同情之心往往又把我拉回大地。饑餓的兒童，被壓迫、受折磨的人們，成為兒孫們討厭的包袱的、無助的老人們，充斥著整個世界的孤獨的氣氛，貧窮和苦難，所有這一切都是對人類生活原本該具有的樣子所作的諷刺。 這就是我的生活，我認為值得一過。羅素（ Bertrand Russell， 18721970）英國哲學家、數(shù)學家、社會學家，也是本世紀西方最著名、影響最大的學者和社會活動家。 the man who never wrongs his neighbor, who is prompt to help a friend, but who has those virile qualities necessary to win in the stern strife of actual life. It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. In this life we get nothing save by effort. Freedom from effort in the present merely means that there has been stored up effort in the past. A man can be freed from the necessity of work only by the fact that he or his fathers before him have worked to good purpose. If the freedom thus purchased is used aright, and the man still does actual work, though of a different kind, whether as a writer or a general, whether in the field of politics or in the field of exploration and adventure, he shows he deserves his good fortune. But if he treats this period of freedom from the need of actual labor as a period, not of preparation, but of mere enjoyment, even though perhaps not of vicious enjoyment, he shows that he is simply a cumberer of the earth39。 我們不欣賞那種怯懦安逸的人。失敗是艱難的，但是從不曾努力去爭取成功，卻更為糟糕。目前不用作任何的努力，只是意味著在過去有過努力的積儲。如果他能把換取到的此類的自由加以正確地運用，仍然做些實際的工作，盡管那些工作是屬于另一類的，不論是作一名作家還是將軍，不論是在政界還是在探險和冒險方面做些事情，都表明了他沒有辜負自己的好運。安逸的生活終究并不是一種令人很滿意的生活，而且，最主要的是，過那種生活的人最終肯定沒有能力擔當世 上之重任。有人說一個沒有歷史的國家是得天獨厚的，這是卑鄙的謊言。冒險去從事偉大的事業(yè)，贏得光榮的勝利，即使其中摻雜著失敗，那也遠勝于與那些既沒有享受多大快樂也沒有遭受多大痛苦的平庸之輩為伍（因為他們生活在一個既享受不到勝利也遭遇不到失敗的灰暗境界里）。羅斯福（ Theodore Roosevelt， Jr.，人稱老羅斯福，暱稱泰迪（ Teddy） 1858 年 10 月27 日 — 1919 年 1 月 6 日），美國軍事家、政治 家，第 26 任總統(tǒng) (19011909)。 1901 年總統(tǒng)威廉他的獨特個性和改革主義政策，使他成為美國歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一。 and sometimes the blackboard topples down in the middle of the sum and leaves the class in disorder and the pedagogue with a black eye. Science, which now offers us a golden age with one hand, offers at the same time with the other the doom of all that we have built up inch by inch since the Stone Age and the dawn of any human annals. My faith is in the high progressive destiny of man. I do not believe that we are to be flung back into abysmal darkness. It places in the healing of the sick, and in giving more food and leisure for life. When it helps the strong crush the weak, and rob those who are asleep, it is using truth for impious end. Those who are thus sacrilegious will suffer and be punished, for their own weapons will be turned against them. 人類的故事 溫斯頓 當歷史巨大的卷軸展開之時，許多錯綜復雜的事件出現(xiàn)了，而這些事件是很難有效地納入我們這個時代人們好惡模式之中。人的一生中，有時可能等于五或負三；有時，正算到一半，黑板倒塌，使全班陷于混亂，教師被砸得鼻青臉腫。但我們深信，人類的命運是非常積極向上的。 發(fā)明的用處應(yīng)該是治愈病人，為生活提供更多的食物和娛樂。以這種方式褻瀆神靈的人們將遭到報應(yīng)和懲罰，因為他們的武器將反過來對付他們自己。倫納德丘吉爾爵士（ Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill， 1874 年 11 月30 日 — 1965 年 1 月 24 日），政治家、演說家及作 家以及記者， 1953 年諾貝爾文學獎得主，曾于 1940－ 1945年及 1951－ 1955 年期間兩度任英國首相，被認為是 20 世紀最重要的政治領(lǐng)袖之一，帶領(lǐng)英國獲得第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的勝利。 for ornament, is in discourse。 but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, e best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth。 to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are lik e natural plants, that need proyning, by study。 for they teach not their own use。 nor to believe and take for granted。 but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。 others to be read, but not curiously。 but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like mon distilled waters, flashy things. Reading make a full man。 and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory。 poets witty。 natural philosophy deep。 logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies。 shooting for the lungs and breast。 riding for the head。s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics。 for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers39。培根 讀書足以怡情，足以博彩，足以長才。練達之士雖能分別處理細事或一一判別枝節(jié)，然縱觀統(tǒng)籌、全局策劃，則舍好學深思者莫屬。讀書補天然之不足，經(jīng)驗又補讀書之不足，蓋天生才干猶如自然花草，讀書然后知如何修剪移接；而書中所示，如不以經(jīng)驗范之，則又大而無當。讀書時不可存心詰難作者，不可盡信書上所言，亦不可只為尋章摘句，而應(yīng)推敲細思。換言之，有只須讀其部分者，有只須大體涉獵者，少數(shù)則須全讀，讀時須全神貫注，孜孜不倦。 讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，筆記使人準確。讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學使人周密，科學使人深刻，倫理學使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學使人善辯：凡有所學，皆成性格。滾球利睪腎，射箭利胸肺，慢步利腸胃，騎術(shù)利頭腦，諸如此類。如此頭腦中凡有缺陷，皆有特藥可醫(yī)。培根（ Francis Bacon ， 1561— 1626）是英國哲學家和科學家。 they are part of us and we must accept