【導讀】，阻止hinder(后面的),curb(路邊),hamper,restrain,prevent,wardoff,，盡力做attemptto,makeeffortsto,endeavor(盡力)to,manageto. 57增長至：Growto，riseto，increaseto，goupto，climbto，ascendto，jumpto，shoot. 58降低至：Dipto，fallto，declineto，decreaseto，dropto，godownto，reduceto，slump

　　

【正文】 r mentally and psychologically. 3 Every year car owners have to pay vast sums to the exchequer : road tax, purchase tax, oil tax, etcThis is a big drain on their resources. 23 4 Since China has such a large population, the popularization of private cars will only bring about serious social problems. 5 Cars should be done away withWe should try to find a safer means of transport which will bring joy and fort rather than injury and death. 6 The roads are so often jammed with cars that ambulances and fire engines find it difficult to fulfill their duties. 7 People39。s hidden frustrations and disappointments are brought to the surface when they drive. 8 Road works for cars have not only made cities uninhabitable , but also desecrated the countryside. 9 Cars often produce air pollution and fill the cities with unbearable noise. 10 Cars are the cause of traffic accidentsAll over the world thousands upon thousands of people are killed or injured every year Counterarguments 24 1 Motorcars are highly desirable for obvious reasons .We should recognize this and adapt ourselves. 2 Motorcars enable people to bee more mobile Without cars, the world would s till consist of isolated munities. 3 If there are more cars in China39。s rural areas, people can get to cities more easilyThe gap between town and country will bee smaller. 4 Possessing a car gives one a much greater degree of mobility, enabling him to move around freely. 5 The owner of a car is not forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not pelled to work locally. 6 Long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. 7 Buses are often crowded and slow, especially during rush hour If there are more cars, people can get around more easily. 8 With the popularisation of cars, the suburbs will bee more developed, and the downtown~ area will be less crowded. 25 9 Cars and motorists are not to blame for road accidentsProblems like too many road signs, faulty traffic lights, sudden narrowing of a street and congested parking are the real cause of traffic There must be universal adoption of multistorey and underground carparks so that parking cars won39。t bee a problem. 2. Do advertisements play a positive or negative role in our society? Arguments 1 Advertisements provide the most direct prehensive and detailed information We get to know about household goods from advertisements. 2 Advertising itself is a business that has provided a great number of jobs. 3 With advertisements, people save a lot of time in shopping, looking for jobs, etc. 4 Daily life needs advertisements because the main function of advertising 26 is to disseminate information on modities, services, culture, employment, s tudent enrolment and even marriage. 5A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of news of calamities. 6 Without advertisements, newspapers, mercial radios and television panies could not survive. 7 You can find a job or rent an apartment, buy or sell a house, etcby way of advertising. 8 Advertising is a process of artistic creation. 9 Advertising creates mass marketsWithout advertisements, manufacturers may find it difficult to sell their products. 10 Advertising helps stabilize industry and employment, improves quality, and, by petition, helps keep prices within bounds 27 Counterarguments 1 Advertisements are imposed upon a captive audience: television. 2 Advertisements on TV are a nuisance: they interrupt television progranunes at a shocking frequency. 3 Consumers have to pay more for the goods owing to the advertising expenses: high prices are maintained by such artificial means. 4 Advertisements are simply misleading and cheatingThey are filled with flowery phrases and empty promises. 5 Fake advertising cheats consumers and, in some serious cases, threatens gullible people39。s lives. 6 Advertisers are inconsiderate to the publicWhat they care about is making money. 28 7 Advertisements are not based on the quality of the goods, but on the principle that if one keeps talking about the same thing long enough, eventually people will pay attention to it. 8 Advertisements are an insidious form of brainwashing, using the same techniques, like slogans, catchphrases, etc. 9 Some advertising is offensive: it appeals to base instincts. 10 Advertising cheapens the quality of life: most ads are in poor taste. 3． Does fashion contribute anything to society? Arguments 1 A good appearance may help people make a better impression in social contacts. 2 When people are getting old, they should pay more attention to their appearance. 29 3 The way people are dressed helps them to preserve a sense of their own value and personality. 4 Fashion adds spice to life with its rich colour, variety, and beauty. 5 Men and women follow fashions in order to please each other and themselves. 6 The world will be a dull place to live in if people always wear clothes of the same style and colour. 7 Mass production makes welldesigned clothes cheap and available to everyone. 8 The fashion industry is an enormous oneIt provides employment for people like textile workers, designers, shopkeepers, etc. 9 The fashion industry has helped industrial research in the sense that a lot of new materials, like nylon, rayon, etchave been made to meet 30 the demand of the consumers. 10 Being well dressed is of psychological importance because confidence in one39。s appearance leads to confidence in one39。s success in life. Counterarguments 1 People sometimes look odd with the socalled fashionable hairstyles, makeup, and dresses. 2 Top designers in Paris and London are dictatorial, for they lay down the