【正文】 書面方式并已經(jīng)承運(yùn)人以書面的專門授權(quán)或批準(zhǔn)，才能對(duì)提單條款放棄或者變更，任何其他程序的放棄或者變更將不為承運(yùn)人認(rèn)可接受。很多做集裝箱的人，甚至單證員，很經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略提單的背面條款，其實(shí)集裝箱里把合同加入提單里，提單的內(nèi)容顯得更加重要，建議做集裝箱的你們，多多研究一下其背面條款，很多問(wèn)題就會(huì)理解．28. NEW JASON CLAUSE 新杰遜條款如在航次開始之前或之后，由于不論是疏忽與否的任何原因而引起意外、危險(xiǎn)、損害或?yàn)?zāi)難，而根據(jù)法令、契約或其他規(guī)定，承運(yùn)人對(duì)此類事件的后果都不負(fù)責(zé)，則貨物及貨方應(yīng)連帶在共同海損中與承運(yùn)人一起分擔(dān)可能構(gòu)成或可能發(fā)生的屬于共同海損性質(zhì)的犧牲、損失或費(fèi)用，并應(yīng)支付就貨物而發(fā)生的救助費(fèi)用及特殊費(fèi)用。如果救助船舶為承運(yùn)人所有或由其經(jīng)營(yíng)，則救助費(fèi)用應(yīng)當(dāng)猶如該船屬于無(wú)關(guān)之人一樣，全額支付。本條是提單條款中通行的條款。這主要針對(duì)美國(guó)法律的規(guī)定而設(shè)置的。在其中強(qiáng)調(diào)：第一、對(duì)于不管是否由船長(zhǎng)、船員或者引航員等雇傭人的過(guò)失導(dǎo)致的共同海損，貨物及貨方都應(yīng)分?jǐn)偣餐p的犧牲、損失或費(fèi)用，并應(yīng)支付就貨物發(fā)生的救助費(fèi)用和特殊費(fèi)用。第二、與第23條共同海損和救助結(jié)合在一起理解，解決了姐妹船的救助費(fèi)用的分?jǐn)倖?wèn)題。當(dāng)船舶因?yàn)榇L(zhǎng)、船員或者引航員等雇傭人的過(guò)失發(fā)生事故而采取措施時(shí)，即使救助船與被救船屬于同一家公司，被救船仍須支付救助報(bào)酬，該項(xiàng)救助報(bào)酬可作為共同海損費(fèi)用由包括貨物或者貨方在內(nèi)的各方分?jǐn)?。，而無(wú)須向承運(yùn)人提交海運(yùn)單，承運(yùn)人有絕對(duì)的自主權(quán)決定是否將貨物交付給收貨人授權(quán)的人。本條款規(guī)定了以海運(yùn)單運(yùn)輸單證的交貨方式。海運(yùn)單可以象提單一樣作為貨物收據(jù)和運(yùn)輸合同的證明，但海運(yùn)單與提單的顯著區(qū)別在于海運(yùn)單是不能作為物權(quán)憑證而可通過(guò)背書轉(zhuǎn)讓的。因此在承運(yùn)人交付貨物時(shí)無(wú)需出具海運(yùn)單原件給承運(yùn)人。而且海運(yùn)單適合的貿(mào)易方式主要有子母公司、開帳（OPEN ACCOUNT）交易、現(xiàn)金貿(mào)易等不需要信用證的貿(mào)易方式，因此憑海運(yùn)單上記載的收貨人或其授權(quán)的人身份證明提取貨物就成為可能。但我們?cè)诖藨?yīng)當(dāng)指出對(duì)憑授權(quán)文件提取貨物的情況一定要嚴(yán)格把關(guān)以防止錯(cuò)放貨物。，承運(yùn)人現(xiàn)行的聯(lián)運(yùn)提單的條款和條件適用于本海運(yùn)單所證明的運(yùn)輸合同，貨方可向承運(yùn)人或其代理索取該提單。發(fā)貨人保證其有權(quán)代表收貨人及貨物所有人接受所有上述條款和條件，包括但不限于聯(lián)運(yùn)提單 中載明的關(guān)于每件的責(zé)任限制和其它責(zé)任限制的規(guī)定。本條款是說(shuō)明了承運(yùn)人的聯(lián)運(yùn)提單中有關(guān)運(yùn)輸條款是并入海運(yùn)單的。從第29條到第35條的規(guī)定是一種簡(jiǎn)式規(guī)定，在其中只是就海運(yùn)單的一些特點(diǎn)作了說(shuō)明。而海運(yùn)單作為運(yùn)輸合同的證明的本質(zhì)并未有所改變，因此將提單的背面有關(guān)運(yùn)輸合同條款并入海運(yùn)單中是完全必要的。提單背面中的條款是根據(jù)海商法及航運(yùn)慣例制定的，在其中明確了貨方和承運(yùn)人雙方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，按照本條這種規(guī)定同樣是適用于海運(yùn)單的。，收貨人或其他要求提貨的應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)發(fā)貨人按照本海運(yùn)單和承運(yùn)人現(xiàn)行的聯(lián)運(yùn)提單中需承擔(dān)的所有責(zé)任。收貨人或其他要求提取貨物依本條所承擔(dān)的是附加責(zé)任，不影響發(fā)貨人本人所應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。本條款對(duì)海運(yùn)單作為運(yùn)輸合同的涉他性進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。運(yùn)輸合同的訂立是承運(yùn)人和托運(yùn)人之間，但作為涉他合同，運(yùn)輸合同中許多關(guān)于權(quán)利和義務(wù)的規(guī)定是同樣約束承運(yùn)人和收貨人的例如合同中有關(guān)收貨人及時(shí)提取貨物的規(guī)定、有關(guān)貨物單件責(zé)任限制的規(guī)定等等都是約束收貨人的?！逗Ｊ挛瘑T會(huì)海運(yùn)單統(tǒng)一規(guī)則》，以便在貨物運(yùn)輸中使用海運(yùn)單。33. 在船舶抵達(dá)卸貨港或交貨地以前，如發(fā)貨人書面要求將海運(yùn)單改為承運(yùn)人提單，在可能的情況下，承運(yùn)人將盡最大努力進(jìn)行更改，但承運(yùn)人在任何情況下均不對(duì)未能及時(shí)更改承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任。本條款是關(guān)于運(yùn)輸合同的形式變化的問(wèn)題。由于貿(mào)易環(huán)境的變化，貨方有可能將貿(mào)易方式進(jìn)行改變，這使得有些情況下貨方會(huì)要求承運(yùn)人將運(yùn)輸合同的方式改為提單，但這種改變必須在貨物抵達(dá)目的港或交付之前完成，否則一方面可能造成交易的混亂，另一方面也可能造成承運(yùn)人面臨的貨物交付的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大大增加。另外還需要指出的是承運(yùn)人會(huì)全力配合貨方的上述行為，但如果由于通訊，當(dāng)?shù)胤蓱T例的限制等等原因造成這種改變沒(méi)有得以完成承運(yùn)人是不應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的。34. 對(duì)于特定貨物的放貨，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循承運(yùn)人的運(yùn)價(jià)本和提單中所規(guī)定的一般擔(dān)保的習(xí)慣作法，這種規(guī)定包括但不限于承運(yùn)人有權(quán)因本海運(yùn)單的任何一方拖欠的費(fèi)用或債務(wù)而留置貨物，不論該費(fèi)用或債務(wù)是否與本海運(yùn)單項(xiàng)下的貨物有關(guān)。本條款就海運(yùn)單下?lián)７咆浀淖鞣ㄟM(jìn)行了規(guī)定。由于海運(yùn)單不具有流轉(zhuǎn)性，這使得貨物的交付過(guò)程比較簡(jiǎn)捷同時(shí)也使貨物錯(cuò)誤交付的概率減少了。但這并不意味著在海運(yùn)單下的貨物交付就萬(wàn)無(wú)一失了，由于種種原因貨方在提取貨物時(shí)還是應(yīng)當(dāng)出具相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保，這種擔(dān)保的做法應(yīng)當(dāng)依照提單及運(yùn)價(jià)本中規(guī)定的條款。有關(guān)留置貨物的規(guī)定可參考第16條的規(guī)定。35. 除非發(fā)貨人在運(yùn)輸前有相反的指示并在海運(yùn)單的正面注明，承運(yùn)人將根據(jù)上述條款和條件與收貨人處理有關(guān)貨物的索賠。任何索賠的解決應(yīng)作為承運(yùn)人對(duì)發(fā)貨人責(zé)任的徹底解除。本條款說(shuō)明了貨物發(fā)生滅失或損壞等原因而產(chǎn)生索賠時(shí)的處理方式。目前國(guó)際上還沒(méi)有關(guān)于所有權(quán)移轉(zhuǎn)的統(tǒng)一法律，這就在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中貨物的所有權(quán)在何時(shí)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移存在著相當(dāng)?shù)牟淮_定性。但這并不妨礙運(yùn)輸合同中對(duì)理賠處理的規(guī)定，按照本條的規(guī)定除有明示外，有關(guān)貨物的索賠應(yīng)當(dāng)是在承運(yùn)人和收貨人之間處理，并且這種解決和處理應(yīng)當(dāng)是徹底和最終的。這種規(guī)定也是符合一般習(xí)慣做法和國(guó)際慣例的。中遠(yuǎn)COSCO集裝箱提單背面條款FORM98051. DEFINITIONSCarrier means COSCO container lines pany limited.Merchant includes the consignor, the shipper, the receiver, the consignee, the owner of the Goods, the lawful holder or endorsee of this Bill of Lading, or any other person having any present or future interest in the Goods or this Bill of Lading, or anyone authorized to act on behalf of any of the foregoing.Vessel, where the context so admits, includes the Vessel named in Box 6 of this Bill of Lading or any substitute therefor, and any feeder vessel, lighter or barge used by or on behalf of the Carrier in connection with any seaborne leg of the carriage.Subcontractor includes owners and operators of vessels (other than the Carrier), stevedores, terminal, warehouse, depot and groupage operators, road and rail transport operators and any independent contractor employed by the Carrier in the performance of the carriage and any subsubcontractor thereof. The expression Subcontractor shall include direct and indirect Subcontractors and their respective servants, agents or Subcontractors.Goods means the whole or any part of the cargo received from the Merchant and includes any Container not supplied by or on behalf of the Carrier.Package means each Container which is stuffed and sealed by or on behalf of the Merchant, and not the items packed in such Container if the number of such items is not indicated on the front of this Bill of Lading or is indicated by the terms such as Said to Contain or similar expressions.Shipping Unit means any physical unit of cargo not shipped in a package, including machinery, vehicles and boats, except goods shipped in bulk.Container includes any Container, open top, trailer, transportable tank, flat rack, platform, pallet, and any other equipment or device used for or in connection with the transportation of the Goods.2. CARRIER\39。S TARIFFThe terms of the Carrier\39。s applicable Tariff and other requirements regarding charges are incorporated into this Bill of Lading. Particular attention is drawn to the terms contained therein, including, but not limited to, free storage time, Container and vehicle demurrage,etc. Copies of the relevant provisions of the applicable Tariff are obtainable from the Carrier or his agents upon request. In case of any inconsistency between this Bill of Lading and the applicable Tariff, this Bill of Lading shall prevail.3. SUBCONTRACTING, INDEMNITY AND CERTAIN DEFENSES, EXEMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS(1) The Carrier shall have the right at any time and on any terms whatsoever to subcontract the whole or any part of the carriage with any Subcontractor and/or to substitute any other vessel or means of transport for the Vessel.(2) The Merchant undertakes that no claim or legal action whatsoever shall be made or brought against any person by whom the carriage is performed or undertaken (including, but not limited to, the Carrier\39。s servants, agents or Subcontractors), other than the Carrier, which imposes or attempts to impose upon any such person, or any vessel owned or operated by such person, any liability whatsoever in connection with the Goods or the carriage thereof whether or not arising out of negligence on the part of such person. Should any such claim or legal action nevertheless be made or brought, the Merchant undertakes to indemnify the Carrier against all consequences thereof including legal expenses on a full indemnity basis. Without prejudice to the foregoing, every such person or vessel, including, but not limited to, the Carrier\39。s servants, agents, or Subcontractors as defined in Clause 1 above, shall have the benefit of every exemption, defen